The treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been revolutionised over the past
decade by the increasing use of immunomodulators, mainly azathioprine (AZA)/6 …

The general principles for treating active ulcerative colitis are to consider the activity,
distribution (proctitis, left-sided, extensive, 1 and pattern of disease (relapse frequency …

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011; 33: 987–995 Summary Background Loss of response to anti‐
TNF agents in Crohn's disease is an emerging clinical problem. Aim To review the causes …

This second section of the European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation (ECCO) Consensus
on the management of Crohn's disease concerns treatment of active disease, maintenance …

This paper is the first in a series of two publications relating to the European Crohn's and
Colitis Organisation [ECCO] evidence-based consensus on the diagnosis and management …

6.1. Background The incidence of tuberculosis (TB) is a concern at the start of the third
millennium, particularly with the increase of multiresistant (MDR-TB) and extended resistant …

Ulcerative colitis is a lifelong disease arising from an interaction between genetic and
environmental factors, observed predominantly in the developed countries of the world. The …

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic progressive destructive disease. Currently available
instruments measure disease activity at a specific point in time. An instrument to measure …

The advent of biological therapy has revolutionized inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) care.
Nonetheless, not all patients require biological therapy. Selection of patients depends on …

Background & Aims It is not clear what serum levels of anti–tumor necrosis factor are
associated with reduced intestinal inflammation in patients with inflammatory bowel disease …