It is increasingly clear that the interaction between host and microbiome profoundly affects
health. There are 10 times more bacteria in and on our bodies than the total of our own cells …

Objective Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a common, highly heritable immune‐mediated
arthropathy that occurs in genetically susceptible individuals exposed to an unknown but …

Humans and microbes have developed a symbiotic relationship over time, and alterations in
this symbiotic relationship have been linked to several immune mediated diseases such as …

Culture independent techniques, such as shotgun metagenomics and 16S rRNA amplicon
sequencing have dramatically changed the way we can examine microbial communities …

Objective HLA alleles affect susceptibility to more than 100 diseases, but the mechanisms
that account for these genotype–disease associations are largely unknown. HLA alleles …

The association of endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 2 (ERAP2) with ankylosing
spondylitis (AS) was recently described in the large International Genetics of AS Consortium …

Background Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota has been implicated in the pathogenesis of
many autoimmune conditions including type 1 diabetes (T1D). It is unknown whether …

The purpose of this study is to review the potential causal role of the microbiome in the
pathogenesis of spondyloarthritis. The method used for the study is literature review. The …

Objectives Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a highly heritable immune-mediated arthropathy.
Inflammation in AS is poorly understood. TBX21 encodes T-bet, a transcription factor, lying …

Bacterial infections, most commonly spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with
ascites, occur in one third of admitted patients with cirrhosis, and account for a 4-fold …