Much of the debate about European monetary union (EMU) has focused on the likely
macroeconomic effects. On the benefits side, there is clearly the reduction in transactions …

Background Anemia, a morbid condition, is a global concern that affects people of all age
groups. This scenario has attracted the attention of several government organizations for …

Secondary metabolites in plants have been recognized as a novel basis of potential bio-
pesticides, paving the way for their use in sustainable agriculture. Plant secondary …

We study the monetary-transmission mechanism with a data set that includes quarterly
observations of every insured US commercial bank from 1976 to 1993. We find that the …

In this paper we use the relative movements in bank loans and commercial paper to provide
evidence on the existence of a loan supply channel of monetary policy transmission. A first …

This paper presents evidence suggesting that information and incentive problems in the
capital market affect investment. We come to this conclusion by examining two sets of …

Large Japanese banks often engaged in sham loan restructurings that kept credit flowing to
otherwise insolvent borrowers (which we call zombies). We examine the implications of …

What ties together the traditional commercial banking activities of deposit‐taking and
lending? We argue that since banks often lend via commitments, their lending and deposit …

This paper uses disaggregated data on bank balance sheets to provide a test of the lending
view of monetary policy transmission. We argue that if the lending view is correct, one …

Many observers have argued that the regulatory framework in place prior to the global
financial crisis was deficient because it was largely “microprudential” in nature. A …