Abstract
MAP kinases are among the most ancient signal transduction pathways and are widely used throughout evolution in many physiological processes. In mammalian species, MAP kinases are involved in all aspects of immune responses, from the initiation phase of innate immunity, to activation of adaptive immunity, and to cell death when immune function is complete. In this review, we summarize recent progress in understanding the function and regulation of MAP kinase pathways in these phases of immune responses.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Review
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Apoptosis
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Cell Differentiation
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GADD45 Proteins
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Humans
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Inflammation Mediators / immunology
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Interleukin-12 / biosynthesis
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Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
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JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
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Lymphocyte Activation
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MAP Kinase Kinase 3
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / immunology
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / immunology*
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Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / immunology
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Proteins / immunology
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RAC2 GTP-Binding Protein
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Signal Transduction
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T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / cytology
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T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / immunology
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p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
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rac GTP-Binding Proteins / immunology
Substances
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Inflammation Mediators
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Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
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Proteins
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Interleukin-12
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Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
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JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
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p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
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MAP Kinase Kinase 3
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MAP2K3 protein, human
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases
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rac GTP-Binding Proteins