Original Investigations: Pathogenesis and Treatment of Kidney Disease and HypertensionThe prevalence of peripheral arterial disease and medial arterial calcification in patients with chronic renal failure: Requirements for diagnostics*,**,★
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Patients
Study subjects included 136 patients with CRF and 59 control subjects. The patient group was composed of three subgroups: 59 predialysis patients with moderate to severe CRF (plasma creatinine ≥ 2.3 mg/dL [200 μmol/L]), 36 patients on maintenance dialysis treatment (22 patients, hemodialysis; 14 patients, peritoneal dialysis), and 41 renal transplant recipients.
The study population was selected from among patients living in Tampere, Finland, or neighboring municipalities, an area with a total
Methods
In this prospective cross-sectional study, all patients underwent a careful interview and clinical examination, with an evaluation of patient history based on hospital and outpatient records. Study subjects were examined during March 1998 and December 2000 by one examiner (Y.L.). Hypertension was diagnosed when a study subject had received medical treatment for hypertension or had a systolic blood pressure of 160 mm Hg or greater or diastolic blood pressure of 95 mm Hg or greater at the time of
Clinical characteristics of study groups
Age, sex, body mass index, serum creatinine level, and creatinine clearance, as well as the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes, are listed in Table 1.Dialysis patients and renal transplant recipients were younger than patients with predialysis CRF and a similar control group. There were more women (44%) among renal transplant recipients than the other groups; nevertheless, men were predominant in all groups. Nearly all patients had hypertension. Nine control subjects (15%) had blood
Discussion
Data from the Tampere District Kidney Register enabled us to reach not only renal transplant recipients, but also patients with moderate to severe predialysis CRF for this study. The age and sex distribution of study patients did not differ substantially from the parent population not included in these two subgroups. Therefore, we are able to generalize results of this study to apply to all patients with predialysis CRF and all renal transplant recipients in our area. The dialysis patients
Acknowledgements
The authors thank professor Amos Pasternack for support and guidance throughout the study.
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Supported in part by grants from the research fund of Tampere University Hospital; Maud Kuistila Memorial Foundation, Finland; University of Tampere Research Fund; Finnish Cultural Foundation; and the Kidney Foundation of Finland.
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Address reprint requests to Yrjö Leskinen, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, PO Box 2000 FIN-33521 Tampere, Finland. E-mail: [email protected]
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