Systemic lupus erythematosusA Prospective Functional MRI Study for Executive Function in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Without Neuropsychiatric Symptoms
Section snippets
Subject Recruitment
Consecutive patients with newly diagnosed SLE based on the American College of Rheumatology classification criteria (19) were recruited between September 2007 and January 2010 from the Lupus Clinic of the National University Hospital, which is the teaching hospital of the National University of Singapore. Healthy controls who were staff working in the same university were matched with SLE patients for age (±4 years), sex, education level, and intelligence quotient (IQ) for comparison. Subjects
Demographic, Clinical, and WCST Performance Results of New Onset SLE Patients and Healthy Controls
Seventeen patients with new onset SLE were initially identified for this study between September 2007 and January 2010. However, 2 of them were not interested in participating due to work commitments. For the rest of the 15 patients, 1 presented with lupus psychosis and was not eligible for the study. Therefore, 14 SLE patients and 14 matched healthy controls (12 females in each group) were finally recruited for the study (Fig. 1). The last patient underwent a second scan in July 2010.
The SLE
Discussion
The present prospective event-related fMRI study found that new onset SLE patients demonstrated inferior planning strategy with consequential compensation on response execution while executive function was assessed, in comparison with healthy controls. Such phenomenon was demonstrated not only at first presentation of SLE but also after sufficient disease control over a period of at least 6 months.
New onset SLE patients had more inefficient strategic planning skills regarding planning of
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Dr Steven Graham and Ho Yan Yin for their professional assistance with regard to data acquisition, control recruitment, teaching, as well as its initial analyses and implementation of the IQ tests, respectively.
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This study was funded by the Tier 1 Academic Research Fund, Ministry of Education, Republic of Singapore (R-172-000-164-112).