Main clinical characteristics, by disease and group of treatment
| Variables | Rheumatoid arthritis | Spondyloarthritis | All patients | ||
| Psoriatic arthritis | Axial SpA | All SpA | |||
| Total patients, n (%) | 3513 (51.5) | 1742 (25.5) | 1571 (23.0) | 3313 (48.5) | 6826 (100) |
| Women, n (%) | 2806 (79.9) | 952 (54.7) | 535 (34.1) | 1487 (44.9) | 4293 (62.9) |
| TNF inhibitors | |||||
| Number of patients, n (%) | 2681 (45.4) | 1673 (28.4) | 1545 (26.2) | 3218 (54.6) | 5899 (86.4) |
| Number of patients with prior exposure to JAKi, n (%) | 428 (16.0) | 113 (6.8) | 31 (2.0) | 144 (4.5) | 572 (9.7) |
| Age at treatment start in years, mean (SD) | 55.7 (12.4) | 50.6 (11.9) | 48.2 (13.0) | 49.4 (12.5) | 52.1 (12.8) |
| Disease duration at treatment start in years, mean (SD) | 9.3 (8.7) | 7.5 (7.4) | 10.3 (10.7) | 8.9 (9.3) | 9.1 (9.0) |
| Follow-up time in years, mean (SD) | 1.9 (1.8) | 2.2 (2.1) | 2.5 (2.1) | 2.4 (2.1) | 2.2 (2.0) |
| Follow-up time in years, min-max | 0, 8.7 | 0, 8.8 | 0, 8.7 | 0, 8.8 | 0, 8.8 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index, n (%) | |||||
| 0 | 0 (0) | 1361 (81.4) | 1292 (83.6) | 2653 (82.4) | 2653 (45.0) |
| 1 | 2158 (80.5) | 192 (11.5) | 156 (10.1) | 348 (10.8) | 2506 (42.5) |
| 2 | 319 (11.9) | 80 (4.8) | 64 (4.1) | 144 (4.5) | 463 (7.9) |
| 3 or more | 204 (7.6) | 40 (2.4) | 33 (2.1) | 73 (2.3) | 277 (4.7) |
| Number of treatments, n (%) | 3323 (43.4) | 2202 (28.7) | 2136 (27.9) | 4338 (56.6) | 7661 (100) |
| Lines of treatment, n (%) | |||||
| First | 1787 (53.8) | 1069 (48.6) | 1014 (47.5) | 2083 (48.0) | 3870 (50.5) |
| Second | 743 (22.4) | 578 (26.3) | 547 (25.6) | 1125 (25.9) | 1868 (24.4) |
| Third or higher | 793 (23.9) | 555 (25.2) | 575 (26.9) | 1130 (26.1) | 1923 (25.1) |
| Concomitant use of csDMARD at treatment start, n (%) | 2571 (77.4) | 1272 (57.8) | 410 (19.2) | 1682 (38.8) | 4253 (55.5) |
| Concomitant use of GCs at treatment start, n (%) | 1912 (57.5) | 570 (25.9) | 184 (8.6) | 754 (17.4) | 2666 (34.8) |
| Type of TNFi, n (%) | |||||
| Originals | 1019 (30.7) | 933 (42.4) | 949 (44.4) | 1882 (43.4) | 2901 (37.9) |
| MØA | 861 (84.5) | 768 (82.3) | 843 (88.8) | 1161 (85.6) | 2472 (85.2) |
| Soluble receptor | 158 (15.5) | 165 (17.7) | 106 (11.2) | 271 (14.4) | 429 (14.8) |
| Biosimilars | 2304 (69.3) | 1269 (57.6) | 1187 (55.6) | 2456 (56.6) | 4760 (62.1) |
| MØA | 1370 (59.5) | 941 (79.3) | 982 (77.4) | 1923 (78.3) | 3293 (69.2) |
| Soluble receptor | 934 (40.5) | 246 (20.7) | 287 (22.6) | 533 (21.7) | 1467 (30.8) |
| Disease activity at treatment start, mean (SD) | |||||
| DAS28-ESR | 4.5 (1.4) | 4.0 (1.4) | – | 4.0 (1.4) | 4.2 (1.4) |
| DAS28-CRP | 3.4 (1.2) | 3.1 (1.1) | – | 3.1 (1.1) | 3.2 (1.2) |
| ASDAS | – | 3.2 (1.4) | 3.2 (1.2) | 3.2 (1.3) | 3.2 (1.3) |
| BASDAI | – | 4.7 (2.9) | 5.2 (2.5) | 5.1 (2.6) | 5.1 (2.6) |
| DAPSA | – | 26.3 (16.1) | – | 26.1 (16.1) | 26.1 (16.1) |
| Reasons for discontinuation, n (%) | |||||
| Inefficacy | 885 (57.9) | 623 (58.8) | 485 (52.3) | 1108 (55.7) | 1993 (56.7) |
| Adverse event | 354 (23.2) | 205 (19.3) | 181 (19.5) | 386 (19.4) | 740 (21.0) |
| Other* | 290 (18.9) | 232 (21.9) | 262 (28.2) | 494 (24.9) | 784 (22.3) |
| Total | 1529 (100) | 1060 (100) | 928 (100) | 1988 (100) | 3517 (100) |
| JAK inhibitors | |||||
| Number of patients, n (%) | 1386 (84.4) | 198 (12.1) | 58 (3.5) | 256 (15.6) | 1642 (24.0) |
| Number of patients with prior exposure to TNFi, n (%) | 216 (15.6) | 39 (19.7) | 4 (6.9) | 43 (16.8) | 259 (15.8) |
| Age at treatment start in years, mean (SD) | 57.0 (12.1) | 52.6 (10.1) | 52.4 (10.9) | 52.6 (10.3) | 56.3 (11.9) |
| Disease duration at treatment start in years, mean (SD) | 11.8 (8.8) | 10.1 (8.2) | 15.1 (11.1) | 11.2 (9.1) | 11.7 (8.9) |
| Follow-up time in years, mean (SD) | 1.9 (1.6) | 1.3 (1.2) | 1.1 (0.7) | 1.3 (1.1) | 1.8 (1.5) |
| Follow-up time in years, min-max | 0, 6.2 | 0, 5.6 | 0, 4.1 | 0, 5.6 | 0, 6.2 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index, n (%) | |||||
| 0 | 0 (0.0) | 162 (81.8) | 45 (77.6) | 207 (80.9) | 207 (12.6) |
| 1 | 1089 (78.6) | 20 (10.1) | 5 (8.6) | 25 (9.8) | 1114 (67.8) |
| 2 | 164 (11.8) | 12 (6.1) | 6 (10.3) | 18 (7.0) | 182 (11.1) |
| 3 or more | 133 (9.6) | 4 (2.0) | 2 (3.5) | 6 (2.3) | 139 (8.5) |
| Number of treatments, n (%) | 1686 (85.4) | 226 (11.5) | 62 (3.1) | 288 (14.6) | 1974 |
| Lines of treatment, n (%) | |||||
| First | 401 (23.8) | 23 (10.2) | 5 (8.1) | 28 (9.7) | 429 (21.7) |
| Second | 317 (18.8) | 38 (16.8) | 12 (19.4) | 50 (17.4) | 367 (18.6) |
| Third or higher | 968 (57.4) | 165 (73) | 45 (72.6) | 210 (72.9) | 1178 (59.7) |
| Concomitant use of csDMARD at treatment start, n (%) | 924 (54.8) | 113 (50) | 12 (19.4) | 125 (43.4) | 1049 (53.1) |
| Concomitant use of GCs at treatment start, n (%) | 959 (56.9) | 100 (44.3) | 13 (21.0) | 113 (39.2) | 1072 (54.3) |
| Type of JAKi, n (%) | |||||
| Baricitinib | 738 (43.8) | 6 (2.7) | 1 (1.6) | 7 (2.4) | 745 (37.7) |
| Tofacitinib | 460 (27.3) | 125 (55.3) | 7 (11.3) | 132 (45.8) | 592 (30.0) |
| Upadacitinib | 373 (22.1) | 94 (41.6) | 54 (87.1) | 148 (51.4) | 521 (26.4) |
| Filgotinib | 115 (6.8) | 1 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.4) | 117 (5.9) |
| Disease activity at treatment start, mean (SD) | |||||
| DAS28-ESR | 4.7 (1.4) | 4.5 (1.4) | – | 4.5 (1.4) | 4.6 (1.4) |
| DAS28-CRP | 3.6 (1.1) | 3.5 (1.2) | – | 3.5 (1.2) | 3.5 (1.1) |
| ASDAS | – | 4.1 (2.0) | 3.4 (1.0) | 3.7 (1.5) | 3.7 (1.5) |
| BASDAI | – | 5.1 (3.0) | 5.1 (2.9) | 5.1 (3.0) | 5.2 (3.0) |
| DAPSA | – | 31.0 (26.5) | – | 31.0 (26.5) | 31.0 (26.5) |
| Reasons for discontinuation, n (%) | |||||
| Inefficacy | 439 (58.9) | 69 (67.7) | 8 (72.7) | 77 (68.1) | 516 (60.1) |
| Adverse event | 203 (27.3) | 22 (21.6) | 3 (27.3) | 25 (22.1) | 228 (26.6) |
| Other* | 103 (13.8) | 11 (10.7) | 0 (0.0) | 11 (9.8) | 114 (13.3) |
| Total | 745 (100) | 102 (100) | 11 (100) | 113 (100) | 858 (100) |
For those patients treated with both mechanisms of action, each treatment course contributed to the corresponding treatment group.
*Other reasons for discontinuation: patient loss of follow-up, pregnancy, remission, non-medical switch, others, unknown.
ASDAS, Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score; BASDAI, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index; csDMARD, conventional synthetic DMARD; DAPSA, Disease Activity in Psoriatic Arthritis Score; DAS28-CRP, Disease Activity Score with 28 joints count and C reactive protein; DAS28-ESR, Disease Activity Score with 28 joints count and erythrosedimentation rate; GC, glucocorticoid; JAKi, Janus kinase inhibitor; MØA, monoclonal antibodies; SpA, spondyloarthritis; TNFi, tumour necrosis factor inhibitor.