Duration of symptoms and postacute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) following breakthrough versus non-breakthrough COVID-19 infection
| Breakthrough COVID-19 infection (N=116) | Non-breakthrough COVID-19 infection (N=164) | P value | |
| Symptom-free days during 204-day* follow-up, mean | 133.8 | 112.4 | 0.04 |
| Difference in symptom-free days (95% CI) | 21.40 (0.95 to 41.91) | Reference | 0.04 |
| CDC definition of PASC (COVID-19 symptoms lasting at least 28 days post-COVID-19 infection), n (%) | 48 (41) | 89 (54) | 0.04 |
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | 0.59 (0.37 to 0.96) | Reference (1.0) | 0.03 |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI), Model 1† | 0.52 (0.31 to 0.86) | Reference (1.0) | 0.01 |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI), Model 2† | 0.49 (0.29 to 0.83) | 0.01 | |
| WHO definition of PASC (COVID-19 symptoms lasting at least 90 days post-COVID-19 infection), n (%)‡ | 10 (21) | 65 (41) | 0.01 |
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | 0.14 (0.07 to 0.30) | Reference (1.0) | <0.0001 |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI), Model 1† | 0.11 (0.05 to 0.24) | Reference (1.0) | <0.0001 |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI), Model 2† | 0.10 (0.04 to 0.22) | Reference (1.0) | <0.0001 |
*Primary follow-up period was 204 days, given that this was the maximum follow-up period among those with breakthrough infections
†Multivariable model one is adjusted for age, sex and race. Multivariable model two is adjusted for age, sex, race, comorbidity count and use of any one of the following medications: anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies, methotrexate, mycophenolate or glucocorticoids.
‡Denominator includes those who completed a survey at least 90 days following COVID-19 diagnosis; N=47 with breakthrough infection and 159 with non-breakthrough infection
CDC, Centres for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO, World Health Organization.