Patient baseline demographics and clinical characteristics
| Valid | Valid | ||||
| Female, n (%) | 365 | 311 (85.2) | 1635 | 1324 (81.0) | 0.07 |
| Age, mean (SD) | 359 | 57.44 (12.73) | 1587 | 55.20 (12.43) | 0.002 |
| Disease duration in years, mean (SD) | 251 | 14.46 (9.50) | 1200 | 12.94 (9.39) | 0.02 |
| Seropositive, RF or ACPA, n (%) | 305 | 226 (74.1) | 1352 | 915 (67.7) | 0.03 |
| Number of previous bDMARDs, median (IQR) | 347 | 3.0 (1.0–4.0) | 1570 | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | <0.001 |
| First JAKi, n (%) | 365 | 1635 | 0.52 | ||
| Baricitinib | 135 (37.0) | 609 (37.2) | |||
| Filgotinib | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.1) | |||
| Tofacitinib | 228 (62.5) | 1001 (61.2) | |||
| Upadacitinib | 2 (0.5) | 24 (1.5) | |||
| Reason for stopping first JAKi, n (%) | 365 | 1635 | 0.20 | ||
| Adverse event | 45 (12.3) | 201 (12.3) | |||
| Lack of efficacy | 210 (57.5) | 1014 (62.0) | |||
| Other | 110 (30.1) | 420 (25.7) | |||
| Duration of first JAKi in years, mean (SD) | 365 | 1.34 (1.27) | 1635 | 0.72 (0.74) | <0.001 |
| Tobacco use ever, n (%) | 240 | 73 (30.4) | 1063 | 375 (35.3) | 0.18 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | 330 | 140 (42.4) | 1456 | 549 (37.7) | 0.13 |
| Concomitant glucocorticoids, n (%) | 324 | 171 (52.8) | 1274 | 687 (53.9) | 0.76 |
| Concomitant csDMARD, n (%) | 365 | 127 (34.8) | 1635 | 749 (45.8) | <0.001 |
| CDAI, mean (SD) | 151 | 24.35 (13.24) | 802 | 23.42 (12.96) | 0.42 |
| HAQ-DI, mean (SD) | 136 | 1.39 (0.66) | 709 | 1.27 (0.70) | 0.06 |
ACPA, anticitrullinated peptide antibodies; bDMARD, biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug; CDAI, Clinical Disease Activity Index; csDMARD, conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug; HAQ-DI, Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index; JAKi, Janus kinase inhibitor; RF, rheumatoid factor.