Demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics and outcomes of studied groups
| Immunomodulatory drugs-naïve patients (n=381) | Patients with ADs treated with immunomodulatory drugs (n=30) | P value | |
| Age (mean±SD), years | 62.6±17.1 | 55.1±13.6 | 0.020 |
| Gender (female/male) | 0.64 | 3.28 | 0.001 |
| Clinical and laboratory manifestations | |||
| Fever (%) | 85 (22.3) | 8 (26.7) | 0.519 |
| Dyspnoea (%) | 274 (71.9) | 24 (80.0) | 0.036 |
| Cough (%) | 223 (58.57) | 16 (53.3) | 0.129 |
| Myalgia (%) | 124 (32.5) | 17 (56.7) | 0.006 |
| Malaise (%) | 117 (30.7) | 15 (50.0) | 0.001 |
| Nausea/vomiting/diarrhoea (%) | 63 (16.5) | 7 (23.3) | 0.085 |
| Anorexia (%) | 57 (14.9) | 10 (33.3) | 0.050 |
| Taste loss (%) | 38 (10) | 6 (20.0) | 0.001 |
| Anosmia (%) | 32 (8.4) | 7 (23.3) | 0.001 |
| Sore throat (%) | 30 (7.9) | 4 (13.3) | 0.080 |
| Lymphopenia (%) | 278 (72.9) | 13 (43.3) | 0.015 |
| High C-reactive protein (%) | 328 (86.1) | 21 (70.0) | 0.078 |
| Level of care | |||
| Admitted in ward (%) | 155 (40.7) | 11 (36.7) | 0.889 |
| Admitted in ICU (%) | 89 (23.4) | 7 (23.3) | |
| Intubated and mechanically ventilated (%) | 137 (36.0) | 12 (40.0) | |
| The time interval from the onset of symptoms to admission, median (IQR) days | 7 (3, 10) | 6 (3.5, 11) | 0.912 |
| The time interval from the onset of symptoms to mechanical ventilations, median (IQR) days | 0 (0, 2) | 2.5 (0, 6.75) | 0.096 |
| Duration of admission in ICU, median (IQR) days | 9 (5, 16) | 12.5 (4, 18) | 0.711 |
| Duration of intubation, median (IQR) days | 4 (2, 10) | 5 (1.5, 13.5) | 0.889 |
| Death (%) | 95 (24.9) | 8 (26.7) | 0.491 |
AD, autoimmune disease; ICU, intensive care unit.;