Patients with immune-mediated inflammatory disorders on immunsuppressants | Controls | |||||||
(n=1593) | (n=579) | |||||||
With SARS-CoV-2 omicron breakthrough infection (n=472) | Without SARS-CoV-2 omicron breakthrough infection (n=1121) | With SARS-CoV-2 omicron breakthrough infection (n=181) | Without SARS-CoV-2 omicron breakthrough infection (n=398) | |||||
Group—no (%) | ||||||||
Patients with IMID | 472 | (100) | 1121 | (100) | 126 | (70) | 292 | (73) |
Healthy controls | – | – | 55 | (30) | 106 | (27) | ||
Patient characteristics | ||||||||
Age, years—mean (SD) | 46 | (13) | 53 | (13) | 48 | (13) | 53 | (11) |
Female sex—no (%) | 317 | (67) | 675 | (60) | 128 | (71) | 261 | (66) |
Comorbidities—no (%) | ||||||||
Cardiovascular disease | 37 | (8) | 113 | (10) | 6 | (4) | 30 | (9) |
Chronic pulmonary disease | 19 | (4) | 93 | (8) | 3 | (2) | 17 | (5) |
Diabetes | 13 | (3) | 56 | (5) | 3 | (2) | 13 | (4) |
Obesity | 195 | (42) | 553 | (50) | 75 | (42) | 182 | (46) |
Missing | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26 | (14) | 51 | (13) |
IMID type—no (%) | ||||||||
Rheumatological diseases | 157 | (33) | 425 | (38) | 22 | (12) | 44 | (11) |
Rheumatoid arthritis | 53 | (11) | 181 | (16) | 8 | (4) | 13 | (3) |
Spondylarthritis | 29 | (6) | 71 | (6) | 7 | (4) | 12 | (3) |
Systemic lupus erythematosus | 53 | (11) | 100 | (9) | 3 | (2) | 11 | (3) |
Other rheumatological* | 22 | (5) | 73 | (7) | 4 | (2) | 8 | (2) |
Neurological† | 140 | (30) | 307 | (27) | 42 | (23) | 120 | (23) |
Gastroenterological‡ | 127 | (27) | 246 | (22) | 22 | (12) | 68 | (17) |
Dermatological§ | 48 | (10) | 143 | (13) | 39 | (22) | 58 | (15) |
Immunosuppressants—no (%)¶ | ||||||||
Other immunosuppressants | 192 | (41) | 502 | (45) | – | – | ||
MTX | 58 | (12) | 225 | (20) | – | – | ||
TNF-inhibitors | 100 | (21) | 180 | (16) | – | – | ||
Anti-CD20 | 64 | (14) | 129 | (12) | – | – | ||
MMF | 27 | (6) | 56 | (50) | – | – | ||
S1P modulator | 31 | (7) | 29 | (26) | – | – | ||
Prior SARS-CoV-2 infection—no (%) | ||||||||
Any infection prior omicron wave | 78 | (17) | 266 | (24) | 38 | (21) | 120 | (30) |
Two infections prior to omicron wave | 1 | (0.2) | 4 | (0.4) | 1 | (0.6) | 3 | (0.8) |
Additional vaccination prior to SARS-CoV-2 omicron—no (%) | ||||||||
Any additional vaccination | 387 | (82) | 1016 | (91) | 134 | (74) | 356 | (89) |
Two additional vaccinations | 62 | (13) | 170 | (15) | 0 | 0 | 4 | (1) |
Available humoral response data after primary vaccination—no (%) | n=431 | n=1026 | n=158 | n=346 | ||||
Seroconversion | 354 | (82) | 896 | (87) | 154 | (97) | 342 | (99) |
Table showing baseline characteristics of participants divided into patients with immune-mediated inflammatory disorders on immunosuppressants and controls (patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases not on immunosuppressants and healthy controls), with and without a SARS-CoV-2 omicron breakthrough infection.
*Including vasculitis (small-vessel, medium-vessel and large-vessel vasculitis and other forms of vasculitis except giant cell arteritis), other rheumatological (giant-cell arteritis, polymyalgia rheumatica and others).
†Multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, Inflammatory neuropathies and myopathies (chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, multifocal motor neuropathy and inflammatory myositis), myasthenia gravis.
‡Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, autoimmune hepatitis, other inflammatory bowel disorders (autoimmune hepatitis, autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis).
§Atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, pemphigus, other dermatological (vitiligo, pemphigus, psoriasis and others); e: anti-CD20 therapy, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1P) modulators and MMF.
¶Therapies are either monotherapy or combination therapy, calculated percentage of total patients with IMID treated with a type of immunosuppressant.
IMID, immune-mediated inflammatory disease; MMF, mycophenolate mofetil; MTX, methotrexate; S1P, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor; TNF-inhibitor, tumour necrosis factor inhibitor.