Sequence variants outside the HLA locus that associate with RA overall, seropositive (rheumatoid factor and/or anti-CCP antibody positive) and/or seronegative RA in GWAS meta-analysis within six Northwestern-European countries (table 1). Association results are shown for the lead signals for all three RA groups, and the heterogeneity between the seropositive and seronegative subsets.† Effect alleles with novel associations are marked with.*
Chr | Position | Effect allele* | Close gene | Annotation | Seropositive RA | Seronegative RA | RA overall | Phet | |||
OR | P value | OR | P value | OR | P value | ||||||
chr1 | 2 800 059 | rs897628-T* | TTC34 | Missense | 0.90 | 3.3E-16 | 0.98 | 0.18 | 0.94 | 1.9E-10 | 1.6E-05 |
chr1 | 113 834 946 | rs2476601-A | PTPN22 | Missense | 1.59 | 1.3E-160 | 1.29 | 2.9E-27 | 1.41 | 3.9E-144 | 7E-13 |
chr1 | 161 506 414 | rs9427397-T* | FCGR2A | Missense | 1.11 | 2.2E-08 | 1.02 | 0.55 | 1.07 | 3.3E-06 | 0.026 |
chr2 | 60 881 694 | rs67574266-A | REL,PUS10 | 5-prime UTR | 1.08 | 6.2E-10 | 1.01 | 0.57 | 1.05 | 3.6E-07 | 2.0E-03 |
chr2 | 111 119 036 | rs72836346-C* | BCL2L11 | Upstream gene | 1.14 | 2.5E-10 | 1.01 | 0.75 | 1.10 | 7.5E-09 | 1.4E-03 |
chr2 | 191 073 180 | rs140675301-A* | STAT4 | Missense | 2.27 | 2.1E-09 | 1.23 | 3.4E-01 | 1.63 | 3.9E-06 | 0.017 |
chr2 | 191 094 763 | rs4853458-A | STAT4,GLS | Intron | 1.11 | 5.2E-14 | 1.10 | 1.1E-06 | 1.10 | 2.7E-19 | 0.71 |
chr2 | 203 880 280 | rs11571297-C | CTLA4 | Regulatory | 0.89 | 2.9E-20 | 0.95 | 2.2E-03 | 0.92 | 4.4E-19 | 7.5E-04 |
chr3 | 58 197 909 | rs35677470-A | DNASE1L3 | Missense | 1.13 | 2.0E-07 | 1.16 | 7.4E-07 | 1.10 | 1.8E-08 | 0.43 |
chr4 | 26 083 889 | rs10517086-A | LINC02357 | Intergenic | 1.11 | 6.2E-16 | 1.06 | 1.8E-03 | 1.09 | 7.1E-18 | 0.025 |
chr5 | 56 148 856 | rs7731626-A | ANKRD55 | Intron | 0.87 | 1.2E-26 | 0.87 | 8.4E-17 | 0.88 | 1.1E-39 | 0.83 |
chr6 | 137 678 425 | rs35926684-G | TNFAIP3 | Regulatory | 1.12 | 4.3E-16 | 1.02 | 0.24 | 1.09 | 1.5E-14 | 1.3E-04 |
chr6 | 159 085 568 | rs2451258-C | . | Regulatory | 0.91 | 1.6E-12 | 0.99 | 0.75 | 0.96 | 1.2E-05 | 4.2E-05 |
chr6 | 167 127 770 | rs3093017-C | CCR6 | Intron | 1.11 | 1.8E-18 | 1.04 | 0.03 | 1.07 | 7.0E-15 | 6.1E-04 |
chr7 | 50 313 596 | rs10261758-G* | IKZF1 | Intron | 1.07 | 6.9E-07 | 1.04 | 0.04 | 1.07 | 3.6E-12 | 0.17 |
chr7 | 128 938 247 | rs2004640-G* | IRF5 | Splice donor | 0.92 | 1.4E-11 | 0.94 | 1.9E-04 | 0.94 | 5.1E-13 | 0.25 |
chr8 | 11 480 078 | rs2409780-C | BLK,FAM167A | Regulatory | 1.09 | 1.1E-09 | 1.05 | 9.1E-03 | 1.08 | 1.3E-12 | 0.1 |
chr8 | 100 105 506 | rs1471293-A* | RGS22 | 5-prime UTR | 1.08 | 7.4E-10 | 1.04 | 3.4E-02 | 1.05 | 9.1E-08 | 0.039 |
chr9 | 120 933 192 | rs35942002-A | TRAF1 | Upstream gene | 1.09 | 6.3E-13 | 1.05 | 9.1E-04 | 1.06 | 2.8E-09 | 0.1 |
chr10 | 6 056 986 | rs706778-T | IL2RA | Intron | 1.09 | 1.2E-11 | 1.07 | 3.7E-05 | 1.07 | 2.4E-12 | 0.36 |
chr10 | 31 122 426 | rs1538981-C | ZEB1 | Regulatory | 0.91 | 8.1E-14 | 0.99 | 0.40 | 0.94 | 9.4E-12 | 9.4E-05 |
chr11 | 64 340 005 | rs479777-C* | CCDC88B | Upstream gene | 0.93 | 2.7E-09 | 0.92 | 7.4E-07 | 0.94 | 1.4E-10 | 0.68 |
chr11 | 118 870 448 | rs7117261-T | . | Regulatory | 0.90 | 2.0E-12 | 0.94 | 1.3E-03 | 0.92 | 7.6E-13 | 0.13 |
chr11 | 128 627 057 | rs73013527-C | LOC105369568 | Intergenic | 1.08 | 2.7E-10 | 1.04 | 0.03 | 1.06 | 7.7E-10 | 0.045 |
chr12 | 111 446 804 | rs3184504-T | SH2B3 | Missense | 1.10 | 7.6E-16 | 1.08 | 1.6E-06 | 1.08 | 1.1E-17 | 0.38 |
chr13 | 28 029 870 | rs76428106-C* | FLT3 | Intron | 1.35 | 6.6E-11 | 1.15 | 0.03 | 1.23 | 1.7E-08 | 0.041 |
chr13 | 39 788 092 | rs8002731-C | COG6 | Intron | 0.92 | 3.5E-10 | 0.94 | 2.1E-04 | 0.93 | 1.7E-14 | 0.35 |
chr14 | 92 651 884 | rs117068593-T* | RIN3 | Missense | 0.93 | 3.2E-05 | 0.94 | 9.8E-03 | 0.93 | 1.9E-09 | 0.59 |
chr15 | 69 751 888 | rs11636401-G* | . | TF binding site | 0.91 | 2.0E-16 | 0.95 | 7.1E-04 | 0.93 | 4.3E-15 | 0.045 |
chr16 | 85 982 485 | rs9939427-A | IRF8 | Intergenic | 1.10 | 5.2E-11 | 1.06 | 4.6E-03 | 1.07 | 1.7E-10 | 0.14 |
chr16 | 88 981 246 | rs62045818-C* | CBFA2T3 | Upstream gene | 0.93 | 8.9E-10 | 1.00 | 9.3E-01 | 0.96 | 3.1E-05 | 5.7E-04 |
chr17 | 39 908 216 | rs11078928-C | GSDMB | Splice acceptor | 1.07 | 1.3E-07 | 1.05 | 1.3E-03 | 1.04 | 1.9E-05 | 0.34 |
chr19 | 10 352 442 | rs34536443-C | TYK2 | Missense | 0.69 | 2.7E-27 | 0.81 | 1.6E-06 | 0.75 | 2.5E-29 | 4.0E-03 |
chr19 | 10 359 299 | rs12720356-C* | TYK2 | Missense | 0.87 | 2.3E-09 | 0.90 | 7.5E-04 | 0.90 | 4.3E-10 | 0.38 |
chr19 | 10 354 167 | rs35018800-A* | TYK2 | Missense | 0.63 | 1.4E-11 | 0.86 | 0.07 | 0.77 | 1.4E-07 | 3.7E-03 |
chr21 | 35 340 290 | rs8129030-T | . | Regulatory | 0.92 | 1.1E-11 | 0.96 | 0.01 | 0.95 | 2.3E-08 | 0.038 |
chr21 | 44 236 891 | rs11558819-T* | ICOSLG | Missense | 0.91 | 1.6E-09 | 0.98 | 0.26 | 0.95 | 1.2E-05 | 1.9E-03 |
*Sequence variants that remain significant after adjustment for previously reported sequence variants (online supplemental table 1). Bold indicates candidate causal genes (summarised in figure 2).
†We performed a meta-analysis using logistic regression analysis assuming a multiplicative model, reporting OR and two-sided p values adjusted for year of birth, sex and origin (Iceland) or the first 20 principal components (other countries). Variants were split into five classes based on their genome annotation and significance threshold based on the number of variants in each class. The adjusted significance thresholds are 1.3×10–7 for variants with high impact (splice donor, splice acceptor, stop gained, frameshift, stop lost, initiator codon), 2.6×10–8 for variants with moderate impact (missense, splice region, stop retained, inframe indels), 2.4×10–9 for low-impact variants (synonymous, 5’ UTR, 3’ UTR, upstream and downstream), 1.2×10–9 for other low-impact variants in DNase I hypersensitivity sites (intronic, intergenic, regulatory-region) and 5.92×10–10 for all other variants not in DNase I hypersensitivity sites. Primary signal at each locus (1 Mb) was selected based on conditional association analysis of all variants at each locus, using Bonferroni corrected p values (0.05×P/class-specific p value threshold). We report the coding signal when two markers are equivalent after conditional analysis. Secondary signals are sequence variants that remained GWAS significant after adjustment for the lead signal and other independent (secondary) signals at the locus. When different but correlated variants are lead in RA overall and seropositive RA, the seropositive RA signal is presented here. See further in online supplemental tables 2 and 3.
GWAS, genome-wide association study; Phet, a p value for test of heterogeneity between the effects in seropositive and seronegative RA subsets; RA, rheumatoid arthritis.