Study subject characteristics
| SARD (n=82) | HC (n=82) | |
| Age, mean (SD) | 52.0 (±14.1) | 52.1 (±13.4) |
| Female, n (%) | 65 (79) | 65 (79) |
| Systemic lupus erythematosus, n (%) | 33 (40) | |
| Systemic sclerosis, n (%) | 13 (16) | |
| Other connective tissue diseases*, n (%) | 15 (18) | |
| Vasculitides†, n (%) | 17 (21) | |
| Miscellaneous‡, n (%) | 4 (5) | |
| csDMARD or b/tsDMARD monotherapy, n (%) | 43 (52) | |
| csDMARD and/or b/tsDMARD combination therapy§, n (%) | 16 (20) | |
| No therapy, n (%) | 23 (28) | |
| Methotrexate (monotherapy or combination), n (%) | 13 (16) | |
| Mycophenolate (monotherapy or combination), n (%) | 14 (17) | |
| Hydroxychloroquine (monotherapy or combination), n (%) | 28 (34) | |
| Azathioprine (monotherapy or combination), n (%) | 13 (10) | |
| Belimumab (monotherapy or combination), n (%) | 3 (4) | |
| Tocilizumab (monotherapy or combination), n (%) | 3 (4) | |
| Tacrolimus (monotherapy or combination), n (%) | 2 (2) | |
| Olumiant (monotherapy or combination), n (%) | 1 (1) | |
| Glucocorticoid dose at first vaccination, mean (SD) | 2.5 (±9.4) | |
| Glucocorticoid dose at second vaccination, mean (SD) | 2.2 (±9.2) |
*Dermatomyositis/polymyositis (n=4), mixed connective tissue disease (n=2), primary Sjögren’s syndrome (n=6) and undifferentiated connective tissue disease (n=3).
†Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (n=3), Behcet’s disease (n=1), large-vessel vasculitis (n=3) and polymyalgia rheumatica (n=10).
‡Adult-onset Still’s disease (n=1), immune deficiency (n=2) and sarcoidosis (n=1).
§Azathioprine+hydroxychloroquine (n=6), mycophenolate+hydroxychloroquine (n=5), azathioprine+belimumab (n=1), belimumab+hydroxychloroquine (n=1), mycophenolate+tacrolimus (n=1), azathioprine+belimumab+hydroxychloroquine (n=1), and mycophenolate+hydroxychloroquine+tacrolimus (n=1).
b/tsDMARD, biological/targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug; csDMARD, conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug; HC, healthy control; SARD, systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease.