Cumulative incidence and hazard ratio (HR) of incident gout according to baseline serum urate levels and CKD status
| CKD Stage ≥ 3 | Hyperuricemia (Dichotomous) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Serum urate, mg/dL | <5 | 5.0 to < 6.0 | 6.0 to < 7.0 | 7.0 to < 8.0 | 8.0 to < 9.0 | 9.0 to < 10.0 | ≥10 | <7.0 | ≥7.0 |
| N cases | 6 | 15 | 28 | 95 | 150 | 104 | 87 | 49 | 436 |
| 10-Year Cumulative Incidence | 0.6% | 1.1% | 1.7% | 7.6% | 19.1% | 28.0% | 42.0% | 1.2% | 16.6% |
| Incidence Rate Ratio | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.7 | 2.7 | 12.3 | 33.8 | 56.1 | 107.7 | 1.0 (Ref) | 15.2 |
| No CKD | |||||||||
| Serum urate, mg/dL | <5 | 5.0 to < 6.0 | 6.0 to < 7.0 | 7.0 to < 8.0 | 8.0 to < 9.0 | 9.0 to < 10.0 | ≥10 | <7.0 | ≥7.0 |
| N cases | 393 | 446 | 1056 | 1769 | 1251 | 363 | 84 | 1,895 | 3,467 |
| 10-Year Cumulative Incidence, | 0.2% | 0.4% | 1.4% | 6.0% | 15.6% | 23.5% | 27.5% | 0.5% | 8.8% |
| Incidence Rate Ratio | 1.0 (Ref) | 2.1 | 8.0 | 34.6 | 96.9 | 155.9 | 198.8 | 1.0 (Ref) | 20.2 |
| Joint Effect of Serum Urate and CKD | |||||||||
| Serum urate, mg/dL | <5 | 5.0 to < 6.0 | 6.0 to < 7.0 | 7.0 to < 8.0 | 8.0 to < 9.0 | 9.0 to < 10.0 | ≥10 | <7.0 | ≥7.0 |
| Age-, Sex-, and Race- Adjusted HR | |||||||||
| No CKD | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.9 | 7.0 | 29.8 | 83.0 | 133.3 | 170.3 | 1.0 (Ref) | 15.7 |
| CKD | 3.2 | 5.1 | 7.8 | 34.1 | 93.3 | 155.9 | 302.3 | 2.5 | 30.5 |
| Fully adjusted HR* | |||||||||
| No CKD | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.8 | 6.4 | 25.8 | 69.4 | 108.7 | 132.9 | 1.0 (Ref) | 12.5 |
| CKD | 3.1 | 4.7 | 6.8 | 28.9 | 75.2 | 121.1 | 241.8 | 2.3 | 22.4 |
*Adjusted for age, sex, race, body mass index, hypertension, diuretic use, smoking, and consumption of alcohol, coffee, meat, fish, poultry, and milk.