Risk of herpes zoster for patients who were either enrolled with bDMARD/tsDMARD treatment and had interruption(s) during follow-up in the course of which they received csDMARDs alone or who were enrolled with csDMARD treatment and started bDMARD/tsDMARD treatment during follow-up
| Characteristics | Andersen-Gill model | |
| Adjusted HR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Female sex | 1.64 (1.20 to 2.24) | 0.0018 |
| Age per 10 years | 1.31 (1.19 to 1.44) | <0.0001 |
| Glucocorticoids, 5–10 vs 0 mg/day | 1.24 (0.98 to 1.57) | 0.0763 |
| Glucocorticoids, >10 vs 0 mg/day | 3.45 (2.14 to 5.55) | <0.0001 |
| csDMARD treatment | Reference | |
| Monoclonal anti-TNF antibodies | 1.87 (1.31 to 2.69) | 0.0006 |
| Soluble TNF receptor fusion protein | 1.35 (0.87 to 2.10) | 0.1819 |
| T cell costimulation modulator | 1.60 (0.98 to 2.59) | 0.0581 |
| B cell targeted therapy | 1.71 (1.22 to 2.39) | 0.0019 |
| IL-6 inhibitors | 1.48 (0.97 to 2.25) | 0.0673 |
| JAK inhibitors | 3.51 (2.24 to 5.52) | <0.0001 |
P values <0.05 are shown in bold.
bDMARDs, biologic DMARDs; csDMARDs, conventional synthetic DMARDs; DMARDs, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs; IL-6, interleukin 6; JAK, Janus kinase; TNF, tumour necrosis factor; tsDMARDs, targeted synthetic DMARDs.