Results of synovial fluid culture in NJI in Iceland 2003–2017
| Bacterial isolates | Children (<18 years) n=40 | Adults (≥18 years) n=259 | Total (%) n=299 |
| Staphylococcus aureus†† | 19 (48) | 137 (53) | 156 (52) |
| Staphylococcus lugdunensis | 0 | 7 (3) | 7 (2) |
| Coagulase-negative Staphylococci | 1 (2.5) | 43 (17) | 44 (15) |
| Streptococcus agalactiae | 0 | 8 (3) | 8 (3) |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae* | 1 (2.5) | 8 (3) | 9 (3) |
| Streptococcus pyogenes† | 1 (2.5) | 9 (3.5) | 10 (3) |
| Streptococci group C or G | 1 (2.5) | 20 (8) | 21 (7) |
| Other Streptococci | 2 (5) | 8 (3) | 10 (3) |
| All Streptococci | 5 (12.5) | 53 (20) | 58 (19) |
| Escherichia coli | 0 | 3 (1) | 3 (1) |
| Enterobacter cloacae | 0 | 4 (1.5) | 4 (1) |
| Kingella kingae | 11 (28) | 0 | 11 (4) |
| Other gram-negative rods‡ | 1 (2.5) | 6 (2) | 7 (2) |
| All gram-negative rods | 12 (30) | 13 (5) | 25 (8) |
| Neisseria gonorrhoea | 0 | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.5) |
| Gram positive rods§ | 3 (7.5) | 4 (1.5) | 7 (2) |
| Other¶ | 1 (2.5) | 6 (2) | 7 (2) |
| Total** | 41 | 264 | 305 |
Data are no/no (%).
*Serotypes in year 2003: 22, 2004: 4, 12, 35, 2007: 19F, 6B, 2009: 6B, 2014: 21, 2016: 15B/C.
†Information on emm types was available in 9/10 isolates. Overall, seven different emm types were identified, the most common type was emm3 (33%), all three cases isolated after 2013. Other types were emm1, 12, 28, 81, 87, 89.
‡Burkholderia pseudomallei, Escherichia hermannii, Klebsiella oxytoca, Pasteurella multocida, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Rosemonas species, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.
§Bacillus species, Clostridium perfringens, Corynebacterium species, gram positive rods unspecified.
¶Aerococcus urinae, Enterococcus faecium, Lactococcus cremoris, Micrococcus species, anaerobic gram-positive cocci unspecified.
**Four patients had two bacterial species isolated, one had three.
††Only Methicillin-susceptible S. aureus was isolated.
NJI, native joint infection.