Patient characteristics by T-cell responses in those with no evidence of previous natural infection
| Characteristics | First dose (n=50) | Second dose (n=46) | |||||||
| n | No T-cell response | T-cell response | P value | n | No T-cell response | T-cell response | P value | ||
| n=37 (74.0%) | n=13 (26.0%) | n=8 (17.4%) | n=38 (82.6%) | ||||||
| Gender | Male | 31 | 24 (77.4) | 7 (22.5) | 27 | 3 (11.1) | 24 (88.9) | ||
| Female | 19 | 13 (68.4) | 6 (31.6) | 19 | 5 (26.3) | 14 (73.7) | |||
| Age | Years (IQR) | 54.9 (42.7–63.9) | 49.4 (39.8–62.8) | 65.1 (61.4–70.0) | 51.9 (42.1–75.3) | 0.02 | |||
| Ethnicity | White | 28 | 20 (71.4) | 8 (28.6) | 24 | 4 (16.7) | 20 (83.3) | ||
| Black | 1 | 1 (100) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 (100) | |||
| South Asian | 19 | 15 (78.9) | 4 (21.1) | 18 | 4 (22.2) | 14 (77.8) | |||
| Mixed-race | 2 | 1 (50.0) | 1 (50.0) | 1 | 0 | 1 (100) | |||
| Other | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 (100) | |||
| Diagnosis | AAV and anti-GBM disease | 24 | 14 (58.3) | 10 (41.7) | 19 | 4 (21.1) | 15 (78.9) | ||
| Podocytopathy* | 15 | 13 (86.7) | 2 (13.3) | 15 | 2 (13.3) | 13 (86.7) | |||
| Membranous GN | 10 | 9 (90.0) | 1 (10.0) | 9 | 2 (22.2) | 7 (77.8) | |||
| SLE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 (100) | |||
| Other† | 1 | 1 (100) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 (100) | |||
| Comorbidities | Diabetes | 10 | 7 (70.0) | 3 (30.0) | 8 | 3 (37.5) | 5 (62.5) | ||
| Asthma/COPD | 10 | 7 (70.0) | 3 (30.0) | 11 | 2 (18.2) | 9 (81.8) | |||
| Previous malignancy | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Immunotherapy | Rituximab | 44 | 31 (70.5) | 13 (29.5) | 41 | 7 (17.1) | 34 (82.9) | ||
| Last 6 months | 32 | 21 (65.6) | 11 (34.4) | 28 | 4 (14.3) | 24 (85.7) | |||
| Tacrolimus | 11 | 11 (100) | 0 | 0.04 | 12 | 3 (25.0) | 9 (75.0) | ||
| Azathioprine | 4 | 2 (50.0) | 2 (50.0) | 3 | 0 | 3 (100) | |||
| MMF | 5 | 3 (60.0) | 2 (40.0) | 4 | 1 (25.0) | 3 (75.0) | |||
| Methotrexate | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 (100) | 0 | |||
| Prednisolone | 17 | 14 (82.3) | 3 (17.6) | 14 | 2 (14.3) | 12 (85.7) | |||
| ≥10 mg | 5 | 4 (80.0) | 1 (20.0) | 3 | 1 (33.3) | 2 (66.7) | |||
| Belimumab | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| No IS | 1 | 1 (100) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 (100) | |||
| Previous CYP | 25 | 15 (60.0) | 10 (40.0) | 20 | 3 (15.0) | 17 (85.0) | |||
| Vaccine | AZ/ChAdOx1 | 22 | 13 (59.1) | 9 (40.9) | 0.05 | 17 | 1 (5.9) | 16 (94.1) | |
| Pfizer/ BNT162b2 | 28 | 24 (85.7) | 4 (14.3) | 29 | 7 (24.1) | 22 (75.9) | |||
| Clinical parameter | B-cell depletion | 33 | 22 (66.7) | 11 (33.3) | 30 | 5 (16.7) | 25 (83.3) | ||
| Hypogammaglobulinaemia | 13 | 10 (76.9) | 3 (13.1) | 9 | 3 (33.3) | 6 (66.7) | |||
*Podocytopathy included minimal change disease and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.
†Other diagnoses included C3 glomerulopathy and IgG4-related disease. Comparison between groups by χ2 test.
AAV, ANCA-associated vasculitis; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CYP, cyclophosphamide; GBM, glomerular basement membrane; GN, glomerulonephritis; IS, immunosuppression; MMF, mycophenolate mofetil; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus.