Outcome | Drug | Author, year, ref | Study groups | Results | Risk of bias |
Non-invasive or invasive mechanical ventilation | Hydroxychloroquine | Cavalcanti et al 202016 | SOC+PBO SOC+HCQ + AZT | No difference between groups HCQ OR 1.77 (95% CI 0.81 to 3.87) HCQ+AZT OR 1.15 (95% CI 0.49 to 2.70). | Unclear |
Abd-Elsalam et al 202013 | SOC SOC+HCQ | No difference between groups (4.1% vs 5.2%, p=0.75). | High | ||
RECOVERY 202018 | SOC SOC+HCQ | Higher progression to IMV in the HCQ group (risk ratio (RR) 1.14; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.27). | Unclear | ||
Corticosteroids | RECOVERY 20206 | SOC+DEX SOC | Risk of progression to IMV was lower in the DEX group than in SOC group (RR 0.77; 95% CI 0.62 to 0.95). | Unclear | |
Jeronimo et al 20207 | SOC+MTP SOC | No difference across groups day 7 hour 2.6 (95% CI 8.6 to 13.6); p=0.654. | Unclear | ||
Tomazini et al 20208 | SOC+DEX SOC | 6.6 (95% CI 5.0 to 8.2) in the DEX group versus 4.0 ventilator-free days (95% CI 2.9 to 5.4) in the SOC group (difference: 2.26; 95% CI 0.2 4.38; p=0.04). | High | ||
Dequin et al 202010 | SOC+HCT SOC+PBO | Of the 16 patients per group without IMV at baseline, 8 (50%) in HCT group and 12 (75%) in the PBO group required subsequent intubation. | Unclear | ||
Tocilizumab | Hermine et al 2020 CORIMUNO-1923 | SOC+TCZ SOC | At day 14, 12% (95% CI 28% to 4%) fewer patients needed NIV or MV or died in the TCZ group than in the SOC group (24% vs 36%, median posterior HR 0.58; 90% credible interval 0.33 to 1.00). | Unclear | |
Stone et al 24 | SOC+TCZ SOC+PBO | No difference across groups in the progression to IMV or death. 0.83 (95% CI 0.38 to 1.81; p=0.64). | Unclear | ||
Anakinra | Mariette et al 2020 CORIMUNO-1930 | SOC+ANA SOC | No difference across groups. The proportion of patients dead or in need of NIV or IMV on day 14. (47%, vs 51%, HR 1.0 (0.6–1.5). | Unclear | |
Ruxolitinib (RUXO) | Cao et al 202036 | SOC+RUXO SOC +100 mg vitamin C | No difference between groups in the need of NIV or IMV and if needed in the duration (p=0.633 and p=0.232). | High | |
Interferon (IFN) beta | Davoudi-Monfared et al 2020, Rahmani et al 202033 34 | SOC+IFN beta SOC | No difference between groups in the need of MV and if needed in the duration. | High | |
Monk et al 202035 | SOC+IFN beta PBO +SOC | No significant difference between treatment groups in the odds of intubation or the time to intubation. | Unclear | ||
IVIg | Tabarsi et al 202040 | SOC+IVIg SOC | No difference in need for IMV (p=0.39) (n=21 IVIG vs n=10 control group). | High | |
Baricitinib | Kalil et al 202031 | BARI+RDV+ SOC. PBO+RDV+SOC | The incidence of progression to death or NIV or MIV was lower in the RDV+BARI (22.5% vs 28.4%; rate ratio: 0.77; 95% CI 0.60 to 0.98), as was the incidence of progression to death or MIV (12.2% vs 17.2%; rate ratio 0.69; 95% CI 0.50 to 0.95). | Unclear | |
Oxygen support | Hydroxychloroquine | Cavalcanti et al 202016 | SOC+PBO SOC+HCQ + AZT | No difference between groups HCQ+AZT OR 1.10 (95% CI 0.60 to 2.03) HCQ OR 1.19 (95% CI 0.65 to 2.21). | Unclear |
Tocilizumab | Stone et al 202024 | SOC+TCZ SOC+PBO | The median time to discontinuation of supplemental O2 was 5.0 days (95% CI 3.8 to 7.6) in the TCZ group and 4.9 days (95% CI 3.8 to 7.8) in the placebo group (p=0.69). No difference across groups. | Unclear | |
Interferon beta 1a | Davoudi-Monfared et al 2020, Rahmani et al 202033 34 | IFN beta+SOC SOC | No difference between groups. | High |
Only studies reporting on the corresponding outcomes are shown.
AZT, azithromycin; BARI, baricitinib; DEX, dexamethasone; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; HCT, hydrocortisone; ICU, intensive care unit; IFN, interferon; IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation; MTP, methylprednisolone; NIV, non-invasive ventilation; PBO, placebo; RDV, remdesivir; RR, relative risk; RUXO, ruxolitinib; SOC, standard of care; TCZ, tocilizumab.