Main clinical and laboratory data of 21 patients with severe or critical COVID-19
| Total (N=21) | Positive aPL antibodies (n=12) | Negative aPL antibodies (n=9) | |
| Age (years) | 62 (54–67) | 55 (49–63) | 67 (62–68) |
| Male sex, n (%) | 9 (43) | 6 (50) | 3 (33) |
| Days of symptom onset | 7 (5–9) | 7 (4–8) | 7 (5–9) |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index | 3.0 (1.0–4.0) | 1.5 (1.0–3.0) | 4.0 (2.0–5.0) |
| Coexisting conditions, n (%) | |||
| Hypertension | 12 (57) | 5 (42) | 7 (78) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 8 (38) | 3 (25) | 5 (56) |
| Dyslipidaemia | 7 (33) | 3 (25) | 4 (44) |
| Obesity | 7 (33) | 5 (42) | 2 (22) |
| Coronary artery disease | 3 (14) | 2 (17) | 1 (11) |
| Stroke | 1 (5) | 0 | 1 (11) |
| Current smoker | 2 (10) | 2 (17) | 0 |
| Pulmonary disease | 2 (10) | 2 (17) | 0 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 3 (14) | 1 (8) | 2 (22) |
| Chronic heart failure | 2 (10) | 0 | 2 (22) |
| Cancer | 1 (5) | 0 | 1 (11) |
| Main findings at hospital admission | |||
| Fever, n (%) | 13 (62) | 7 (58) | 6 (67) |
| Shortness of breath/respiratory distress, n (%) | 19 (90) | 12 (100) | 7 (78) |
| White cell count (×103 per mm3) | 6.5 (4.9–10.4) | 7.0 (5.4–12.1) | 6.2 (4.9–9.6) |
| Platelet count (×103 per mm3) | 179 (146–198) | 179 (156–193) | 171 (143–240) |
| D-dimer (ng/mL) | 339 (177–484) | 387 (207–484) | 303 (132–446) |
| Ferritin (μg/L) | 557 (156–882) | 677 (490–1249) | 199 (112–326) |
| C reactive protein (mg/L) | 139 (57–210) | 200 (95–256) | 86 (57–144) |
| Intubation, n (%) | 12 (57) | 7 (58) | 5 (56) |
| Laboratory values at the time of aPL measurements | |||
| White cell count (×103 per mm3) | 7.8 (6.9–10.6) | 8.6 (6.7–13.2) | 6.4 (5.7–9.8) |
| Platelet count (×103 per mm3) | 260 (212–349) | 262 (201–332) | 259 (229–349) |
| D-dimer (ng/mL) | 417 (216–613) | 437 (206–601) | 403 (278–621) |
| Ferritin (μg/L) | 604 (365–1353) | 1038 (580–1392) | 443 (237–547) |
| C reactive protein (mg/L) | 90 (17–219) | 140 (60–270) | 39 (17–129) |
| Serum interleukin-6 levels>40 pg/mL, n (%) | 2 (10) | 2 (17) | 0 |
| Treatment, n (%) | |||
| Heparin | 18 (86) | 9 (75) | 9 (100) |
| Glucocorticoids | 6 (29) | 6 (50) | 0 |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 15 (71) | 9 (75) | 6 (67) |
| Azithromycin | 18 (86) | 10 (83) | 8 (89) |
| Lopinavir plus ritonavir | 11 (52) | 6 (50) | 5 (56) |
| Positive aPL antibodies, n (%) | |||
| Anticardiolipin IgM | 3 (14) | 3 (25) | 0 |
| Anticardiolipin IgG | 2 (10) | 2 (17) | 0 |
| Anti-β2 glycoprotein I IgM | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Anti-β2 glycoprotein I IgG | 1 (5) | 1 (8) | 0 |
| Antiprothrombin IgM | 1 (5) | 1 (8) | 0 |
| Antiprothrombin IgG | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Antiphosphatidylserine IgM | 3 (14) | 3 (25) | 0 |
| Antiphosphatidylserine IgG | 2 (10) | 2 (17) | 0 |
| Antiphosphatidylinositol IgM | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Antiphosphatidylinositol IgG | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Antiannexin V IgM | 4 (19) | 4 (33) | 0 |
| Antiannexin V IgG | 1 (5) | 1 (8) | 0 |
| Pulmonary thromboembolism | 2 (10) | 2 (17) | 0 |
| Major bleeding, n (%) | 1 (5) | 1 (8) | 0 |
| Ventilator-associated pneumonia, n (%) | 3 (14) | 1 (8) | 2 (22) |
| In-hospital deaths, n (%) | 4 (19) | 2 (17) | 2 (22) |
| Discharged, n (%) | 13 (62) | 9 (75) | 4 (44) |
Data are presented as median (IQR) unless otherwise specified.
aPL, antiphospholipid.