Participant immunomodulatory therapy,* stratified by humoral immune response to the first dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine
| Detectable antibody (n=91) | Undetectable antibody (n=32) | P value | |
| Medication, n (%) | |||
| Non-biologic | |||
| Azathioprine | 9 (10) | 4 (12) | 0.7 |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 27 (30) | 10 (31) | 0.9 |
| Mycophenolate† | 3 (3) | 8 (25) | 0.001 |
| Sulfasalazine | 4 (4) | 1 (3) | 0.9 |
| Tacrolimus | 0 (0) | 2 (6) | 0.07 |
| Leflunomide | 2 (2) | 2 (6) | 0.3 |
| Methotrexate | 10 (11) | 3 (9) | 0.9 |
| Biologic | |||
| Abatacept | 3 (3) | 3 (9) | 0.5 |
| Belimumab | 5 (5) | 5 (16) | 0.1 |
| Interleukin inhibitor‡ | 6 (7) | 0 (0) | 0.3 |
| Rituximab | 2 (2) | 4 (12) | 0.04 |
| TNF inhibitor§ | 16 (18) | 1 (3) | 0.07 |
| Tofacitinib | 2 (2) | 1 (3) | 0.9 |
*Since participants could report more than one medication, the total N in this table is greater than the stated cohort size.
†Mycophenolic acid or mycophenolate mofetil.
‡Interleukin inhibitors: tocilizumab, ustekinumab and ixekizumab.
§TNF inhibitors: adalimumab certolizumab, etanercept and infliximab.
mRNA, messenger RNA; TNF, tumour necrosis factor.