Association between demographic and clinical characteristics and survival*
| Survivors (n=617) | Non-survivors (n=58) | OR (95% CI)† | P value | aOR (95% CI)†‡ | P value‡ | |
| Age§ (years) | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| 18–54 | 327 (53.0) | 3 (5.2) | 1.00 (ref.) | – | 1.00 (ref.) | – |
| 55–64 | 126 (20.4) | 7 (12.1) | 5.55 (1.62–23.14) | 0.009 | 5.54 (1.62–23.13) | 0.009 |
| 65–74 | 98 (15.9) | 7 (12.1) | 7.13 (2.08–29.79) | 0.003 | 6.70 (1.95–28.07) | 0.004 |
| ≥75 | 66 (10.7) | 41 (70.7) | 58.39 (21.65–218.44) | <0.001 | 59.02 (21.79–221.45) | <0.001 |
| Mean±SD | 53.9±15.3 | 76.6±12.6 | ||||
| Female gender | 418 (67.8) | 30 (51.7) | 0.51 (0.30–0.88) | 0.015 | 0.48 (0.25–0.89) | 0.020 |
| Comorbidities¶ | ||||||
| Respiratory disease (all) | 82 (13.3) | 15 (25.9) | 2.27 (1.21–4.27) | 0.011 | 1.64 (0.78–3.43) | 0.19 |
| Interstitial lung disease | 18 (2.9) | 8 (13.8) | 5.31 (2.20–12.81) | <0.001 | 3.82 (1.27–11.49) | 0.017 |
| COPD | 21 (3.4) | 6 (10.3) | 3.26 (1.26–8.44) | 0.015 | 0.95 (0.32–2.81) | 0.93 |
| Asthma§ | 48 (7.8) | 3 (5.2) | 0.74 (0.20–1.99) | 0.60 | 1.15 (0.27–3.72) | 0.83 |
| Cardiac disease (all) | 56 (9.1) | 27 (46.6) | 8.69 (4.85–15.60) | <0.001 | 1.87 (0.93–3.76) | 0.081 |
| Coronary heart diseases | 41 (6.7) | 25 (43.1) | 10.61 (5.77–19.49) | <0.001 | 2.18 (1.05–4.53) | 0.037 |
| Stroke | 19 (3.1) | 6 (10.3) | 3.62 (1.39–9.46) | 0.009 | 1.52 (0.51–4.56) | 0.46 |
| Diabetes | 43 (7.0) | 18 (31.0) | 6.00 (3.17–11.32) | <0.001 | 2.89 (1.39–6.02) | 0.005 |
| Obesity§ | 0.053 | 0.072 | ||||
| <30 | 419 (77.3) | 33 (66.0) | 1.00 (ref.) | – | 1.00 (ref.) | – |
| 30–39.9 | 108 (19.9) | 13 (26.0) | 1.56 (0.78–2.97) | 0.19 | 1.95 (0.88–4.18) | 0.093 |
| ≥40 | 15 (2.8) | 4 (8.0) | 3.64 (1.07–10.29) | 0.026 | 3.77 (0.86–15.09) | 0.070 |
| Hypertension | 133 (21.6) | 40 (69.0) | 8.05 (4.47–14.51) | <0.001 | 3.08 (1.56–6.08) | 0.001 |
| Cancer | 25 (4.1) | 6 (10.3) | 2.73 (1.07–6.94) | 0.036 | 1.05 (0.35–3.11) | 0.93 |
| Chronic renal failure | 22 (3.6) | 18 (31.0) | 12.13 (6.02–24.44) | <0.001 | 5.22 (2.22–12.31) | <0.001 |
| No. of patients with at least one comorbidity§ | 419 (68.1) | 57 (98.3) | 17.96 (4.83–159.20) | <0.001 | 5.61 (1.41–50.93) | 0.043 |
| Disease history§ | <0.001 | 0.039 | ||||
| Chronic inflammatory arthritis | 427 (69.2) | 25 (43.1) | 1.00 (ref.) | – | 1.00 (ref.) | – |
| Autoinflammatory diseases | 10 (1.6) | 2 (3.5) | 3.99 (0.74–14.77) | 0.069 | 8.98 (0.94–63.49) | 0.040 |
| Vasculitis | 47 (7.6) | 17 (29.3) | 6.18 (3.10–12.13) | <0.001 | 2.09 (0.93–4.56) | 0.070 |
| Systemic autoimmune diseases | 105 (17.0) | 12 (20.7) | 1.99 (0.95–3.97) | 0.059 | 2.65 (1.15–5.95) | 0.020 |
Values are presented as frequency (percentage) unless otherwise indicated.
*Total number of survivors and non-survivors as presented excludes 19 patients whose status at day 21 was unknown at the time of data cut-off.
†ORs were calculated for non-survivors, using survivors as reference.
‡Adjusted for age and sex.
§Penalised logistic regression (Firth method) was used due to low number of patients (n<5) in an analysed group.
¶Two missing values for comorbidities except for obesity where 83 values are missing.
aOR, adjusted OR; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.