COVID-19 outcomes in patients with rheumatic disease (N=143) vs matched comparators (N=688)
| Rheumatic disease (N=143) | No rheumatic disease (N=688) | |
| Hospitalisation, n (%) | 58 (41) | 295 (43) |
| Total follow-up time (person-days) | 5847 | 21 671 |
| Incidence rate/1000 days (95% CI) | 9.90 (7.40–12.50) | 13.60 (12.10–15.20) |
| Unadjusted HR (95% CI) | 0.95 (0.75–1.21) | 1.0 (Ref) |
| Adjusted model 1, HR (95% CI)* | 0.89 (0.70–1.13) | 1.0 (Ref) |
| Adjusted model 2, HR (95% CI) | 0.86 (0.68–1.09) | 1.0 (Ref) |
| Adjusted model 3, HR (95% CI) | 0.87 (0.68–1.11) | 1.0 (Ref) |
| Intensive care unit admission, n (%) | 28 (20) | 96 (14) |
| Total follow-up time (person-days) | 7502 | 29 746 |
| Incidence rate/1000 days (95% CI) | 3.70 (2.30–5.10) | 3.20 (2.60–3.90) |
| Unadjusted HR (95% CI) | 1.38 (0.95–2.00) | 1.0 (Ref) |
| Adjusted model 1, HR (95% CI) | 1.33 (0.91–1.94) | 1.0 (Ref) |
| Adjusted model 2, HR (95% CI) | 1.22 (0.83–1.79) | 1.0 (Ref) |
| Adjusted model 3, HR (95% CI) | 1.27 (0.86–1.86) | 1.0 (Ref) |
| Mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 22 (15) | 63 (9) |
| Total follow-up time (person-days) | 7812 | 31 042 |
| Incidence rate/1000 days (95% CI) | 2.80 (1.60–4.00) | 2.00 (1.50–2.50) |
| Unadjusted HR (95% CI) | 1.75 (1.12–2.74) | 1.0 (Ref) |
| Adjusted model 1, HR (95% CI) | 1.72 (1.07–2.76) | 1.0 (Ref) |
| Adjusted model 2, HR (95% CI) | 1.56 (0.97–2.50) | 1.0 (Ref) |
| Adjusted model 3, HR (95% CI) | 1.51 (0.93–2.44) | 1.0 (Ref) |
| Death, n (%) | 12 (8) | 48 (7) |
| Total follow-up time (person-days) | 8790 | 33 428 |
| Incidence rate/1000 days (95% CI) | 1.40 (0.60–2.10) | 1.40 (1.00–1.80) |
| Unadjusted HR (95% CI) | 1.16 (0.63–2.13) | 1.0 (Ref) |
| Adjusted model 1, HR (95% CI) | 1.20 (0.62–2.33) | 1.0 (Ref) |
| Adjusted model 2, HR (95% CI) | 1.03 (0.54–1.97) | 1.0 (Ref) |
| Adjusted model 3, HR (95% CI) | 1.02 (0.53 –1.95) | 1.0 (Ref) |
*Model 1 adjusted for race and smoking. Model 2 adjusted for cardiovascular disease (coronary artery disease, hypertension, heart failure), chronic lung disease (obstructive sleep apnoea, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma and interstitial lung disease) and body mass index. Model 3 adjusted for race, smoking and Charlson Comorbidity Index (dichotomised as ≤2 or >2). Matching factors were age, sex and date of initial positive PCR for SARS-CoV-2.