The incident cases and ASR of MSK disorders in 1990 and 2017
| Characteristics | 1990 | 2017 | 1990–2017 | ||
| Incident cases No×106 (95% UI) | ASR per 100 000 No×103 (95% UI) | Incident cases No×106 (95% UI) | ASR per 100 000 No×103 (95% UI) | EAPC No (95% CI) | |
| Overall | 211.80 (194.52–231.09) | 4.44 (4.09–4.83) | 334.74 (309.93–363.18) | 4.17 (3.87–4.52) | −0.18 (−0.21 to −0.15) |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 97.27 (89.34–106.12) | 4.13 (3.80–4.49) | 153.97 (142.60–166.67) | 3.91 (3.62–4.23) | −0.17 (−0.20 to −0.13) |
| Female | 114.53 (105.35–125.00) | 4.74 (4.36–5.17) | 180.77 (167.45–195.93) | 4.43 (4.10–4.81) | −0.19 (−0.22 to −0.16) |
| SDI | |||||
| Low SDI | 18.99 (17.40–20.79) | 4.00 (3.68–4.36) | 38.49 (35.32–41.92) | 3.97 (3.67–4.32) | −0.03 (−0.05 to −0.01) |
| Low-middle SDI | 32.02 (29.45–34.91) | 4.06 (3.75–4.41) | 60.32 (55.46–65.73) | 4.05 (3.73–4.39) | 0.01 (−0.02 to 0.04) |
| Middle SDI | 47.61 (43.66–52.20) | 3.69 (3.40–4.03) | 81.02 (74.99–88.03) | 3.55 (3.29–3.85) | −0.05 (−0.10 to 0.01) |
| High-middle SDI | 47.71 (43.61–52.41) | 4.51 (4.12–4.93) | 68.44 (63.13–74.46) | 4.09 (3.79–4.44) | −0.25 (−0.31 to −0.19) |
| High SDI | 64.73 (59.64–70.45) | 5.83 (5.36–6.33) | 85.42 (79.10–91.91) | 5.72 (5.31–6.17) | −0.09 (−0.10 to −0.07) |
| Region | |||||
| High-income Asia Pacific | 11.51 (10.51–12.61) | 5.85 (5.35–6.42) | 15.43 (14.19–16.72) | 6.08 (5.57–6.65) | 0.09 (0.06 to 0.12) |
| Central Asia | 2.70 (2.48–2.96) | 4.75 (4.36–5.18) | 4.12 (3.76–4.51) | 4.72 (4.33–5.13) | −0.03 (−0.03 to −0.02) |
| East Asia | 37.73 (34.18–41.61) | 3.30 (3.00–3.61) | 53.99 (49.74–58.91) | 2.88 (2.67–3.13) | −0.28 (−0.38 to −0.18) |
| South Asia | 31.14 (28.46–34.09) | 3.72 (3.42–4.07) | 57.62 (52.83–63.07) | 3.54 (3.26–3.86) | −0.20 (−0.28 to −0.12) |
| Southeast Asia | 14.86 (13.67–16.23) | 4.07 (3.76–4.43) | 27.89 (25.81–30.32) | 4.15 (3.85–4.50) | 0.13 (0.11 to 0.16) |
| Australasia | 1.30 (1.19–1.41) | 5.83 (5.35–6.33) | 2.10 (1.93–2.28) | 6.02 (5.50–6.57) | 0.08 (0.06 to 0.11) |
| Caribbean | 1.02 (0.94–1.12) | 3.28 (3.03–3.57) | 1.61 (1.49–1.75) | 3.27 (3.03–3.55) | 0.05 (0.02 to 0.07) |
| Central Europe | 8.16 (7.45–8.89) | 5.85 (5.36–6.41) | 9.08 (8.33–9.86) | 5.84 (5.37–6.31) | −0.03 (−0.04 to −0.02) |
| Eastern Europe | 14.57 (13.28–15.92) | 5.57 (5.11–6.08) | 14.60 (13.31–15.99) | 5.26 (4.83–5.74) | −0.10 (−0.16 to −0.04) |
| Western Europe | 28.57 (26.26–31.12) | 6.26 (5.77–6.80) | 34.81 (32.06–37.70) | 6.24 (5.75–6.80) | −0.02 (−0.04 to 0.00) |
| Andean Latin America | 1.19 (1.09–1.31) | 4.01 (3.69–4.36) | 2.48 (2.27–2.70) | 4.20 (3.86–4.58) | 0.21 (0.19 to 0.23) |
| Central Latin America | 4.03 (3.68–4.43) | 3.18 (2.93–3.47) | 8.00 (7.38–8.69) | 3.16 (2.92–3.42) | 0.00 (−0.01 to 0.02) |
| Southern Latin America | 2.87 (2.62–3.15) | 5.95 (5.43–6.51) | 4.51 (4.15–4.92) | 6.23 (5.72–6.80) | 0.12 (0.10 to 0.14) |
| Tropical Latin America | 7.00 (6.36–7.71) | 5.34 (4.88–5.84) | 12.68 (11.62–13.88) | 5.38 (4.93–5.87) | 0.07 (0.04 to 0.10) |
| North Africa and Middle East | 13.52 (12.42–14.74) | 5.30 (4.90–5.75) | 29.46 (27.06–32.08) | 5.31 (4.91–5.75) | 0.01 (−0.01 to 0.03) |
| High-income North America | 18.07 (16.66–19.61) | 5.72 (5.28–6.21) | 25.91 (24.33–27.61) | 5.63 (5.28–5.99) | −0.05 (−0.06 to −0.03) |
| Oceania | 0.18 (0.16–0.19) | 3.76 (3.47–4.11) | 0.39 (0.35–0.43) | 3.88 (3.57–4.22) | 0.14 (0.13 to 0.16) |
| Central Sub-Saharan Africa | 1.57 (1.44–1.73) | 4.43 (4.07–4.83) | 3.68 (3.35–4.07) | 4.49 (4.12–4.91) | 0.05 (0.03 to 0.06) |
| Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa | 4.53 (4.14–4.95) | 3.98 (3.65–4.33) | 10.09 (9.22–11.07) | 4.09 (3.75–4.46) | 0.10 (0.06 to 0.13) |
| Southern Sub-Saharan Africa | 1.49 (1.37–1.62) | 3.96 (3.65–4.30) | 2.55 (2.35–2.77) | 3.73 (3.44–4.04) | −0.08 (−0.14 to −0.01) |
| Western Ssub-Saharan Africa | 5.78 (5.30–6.29) | 4.45 (4.11–4.83) | 13.76 (12.62–15.02) | 4.67 (4.31–5.08) | 0.21 (0.15 to 0.27) |
ASR, age-standardised incidence rate; EAPC, estimated annual percentage change; UI, uncertainty interval.