Factors associated with hospital admission in patients with COVID-19
| Variable | Inpatients (n=69) | Outpatients (n=53) | P value |
| Demographics | |||
| Female sex, n (%) | 42 (60.8) | 37 (71.1) | 0.25 |
| Age (mean±SD) | 63.9±15.6 | 50.5±14.1 | <0.01 |
| Comorbidity | |||
| Hypertension | 36 (52.1) | 11 (21.1) | 0.01 |
| Obesity | 25 (36.2) | 17 (32.6) | 0.58 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 17 (24.6) | 3 (5.7) | 0.01 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 15 (21.7) | 5 (9.6) | 0.08 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 11 (15.9) | 3 (5.7) | 0.09 |
| Active smokers | 4 (5.7) | 3 (5.7) | 1.00 |
| Concomitant treatment, n (%) | |||
| Hydroxychloroquine | 13 (18.8) | 12 (23.0) | 0.62 |
| Glucocorticoids | 33 (47.8) | 14 (26.9) | 0.02 |
| Low-dose prednisone (≤5 mg/day) | 27 (39.1) | 11 (20.7) | 0.04 |
| cDMARDs | 47 (68.1) | 32 (61.5) | 0.43 |
| Methotrexate | 36 (52.1) | 18 (34.6) | 0.06 |
| Leflunomide | 6 (8.6) | 7 (13.4) | 0.11 |
| Sulfasalazine | 10 (14.4) | 9 (17.3) | 0.33 |
| Azathioprine | 1 (1.4) | – | – |
| Cyclophosphamide | 1 (1.4) | – | – |
| bDMARDs/tsDMARDs | 20 (28.9) | 22 (42.3) | 0.12 |
| Anti-TNF | 9 (13.0) | 19 (36.5) | 0.04 |
| Rituximab | 7 (10.1) | – | 0.01 |
| Abatacept | 2 (2.8) | 1 (1.9) | – |
| Tocilizumab | – | 1 (1.9) | – |
| Sarilumab* | – | – | – |
| Secukinumab | – | – | – |
| Tofacitinib | – | 1 (1.9) | 0.36 |
| Baricitinib | – | 1 (1.9) | 0.36 |
*One patient on double blind clinical trial with sarilumab versus placebo.
bDMARDs, biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs; cDMARDs, conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs; TNF, tumour necrosis factor; tsDMARDs, targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs.