Table 1

Glossary and definitions (after9)

Term	Definition
Poor prognostic factors	Persistently moderate or high disease activity despite conventional synthetic DMARD (csDMARD) therapy according to composite measures including joint counts High acute phase reactant levels High swollen joint count Presence of RF and/or ACPA, especially at high levels Presence of early erosions Failure of two or more csDMARDs
Low-dose glucocorticoids	<7.5 mg/day (prednisone equivalent)
Tapering	Reduction of drug dose or increase of application interval May include cessation (tapering to 0), but then only after slow reduction
Cessation, stopping	Stopping of a particular drug
Disease activity states
Remission	ACR-EULAR remission definition (Boolean or index based)
Low disease activity	Low disease activity state according to any of the validated composite disease activity measures that include joint counts
Moderate, high disease activity	Respective disease activity state according to any of the validated composite disease activity measures that include joint counts
DMARD nomenclature
Synthetic DMARDs	csDMARDs	Eg, methotrexate, leflunomide, sulfasalazine, hydroxychloroquine
Synthetic DMARDs	Targeted synthetic DMARDs	Eg, baricitinib, tofacitinib, upadacitinib
Biological DMARDs	Biological originator DMARDs	TNFi: adalimumab, certolizumab, etanercept, golimumab, infliximab; IL-6Ri: sarilumab, tocilizumab; Costimulation-i: abatacept; anti-B cell (CD20): rituximab
Biological DMARDs	Biosimilar DMARDs	(currently for: adalimumab, etanercept, infliximab, rituximab)

ACPA, anticitrullinated protein antibody; ACR, American College of Rheumatology; cs, conventional synthetic; DMARDs, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs; EULAR, European League Against Rheumatism; IL-6Ri, interleukin 6 receptor inhibitor; RF, rheumatoid factor; TNFi, tumour necrosis factor inhibitor.