Table 1

Traditional and lupus-related atherosclerotic risk factors at baseline

Variable≥140/90 mm Hg
(n=155)
130-139/80-89 mm Hg
(n=316)
<130/80 mm Hg
(n=1061)
P value
Age (year)46.8±14.639.7±13.233.6±13.7<0.001
Females (n, %)126 (81.3)266 (84.2)957 (90.2)<0.001
Caucasians (n, %)119 (76.8)226 (71.5)647 (61)<0.001
Blacks (n, %)23 (14.8)40 (12.7)154 (14.5)
Others (n, %)13 (8.4)50 (15.8)260 (24.5)
Adjusted mean BP (mm Hg)149/91135/86112/71<0.001
Diabetes (n, %)17 (11.0)18 (5.7)23 (2.2)<0.001
Dyslipidaemia* (n, %)94 (60.6)121 (38.3)195 (18.4)<0.001
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)5.9±1.85.1±1.34.5±1.1<0.001
Smoking (current, n, %)36 (23.2)57 (18.0)159 (15.0)0.004
Disease duration (y)5.5±5.86.9±7.06.0±6.00.026
SLEDAI-2K5.2±5.05.2±5.64.3±4.4<0.001
SDI1.0±1.30.7±1.20.5±0.9<0.001
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)69.9±31.686.0±32.4102.0±29.4<0.001
aPL† (n, %)53 (34.2)75 (23.7)216 (20.4)0.003
Antimalarials (n, %)49 (31.6)176 (55.7)721 (68.0)<0.001
Glucocorticosteroids (GCS) (n, %)125 (80.6)230 (72.8)690 (65.0)<0.001
Cumulative GCS dose (g)†‡16.9±17.918.9±22.615.5±18.7<0.001
Antihypertensives (n, %)59 (38.1)95 (30.1)168 (15.8)<0.001
Statins (n, %)0 (0)1 (0.3)0 (0)0.146
Antiplatelets/anticoagulants (n, %)8 (5.2)19 (6)94 (8.9)0.106
  • P values: trend from ANOVA for continuous variables, X2 test for categorical variables.

  • *Abnormal total cholesterol or low-density lipoprotein for two consecutive visits.

  • †Lupus anticoagulant and/or anticardiolipin antibodies (IgM, IgG).

  • ‡From enrolment up to the baseline.

  • ANOVA, analysis of variance; aPL, antiphospholipid antibodies; BP, blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; SDI, Systemic Damage Index; SLEDAI, SLE Disease Activity Index 2000.