Missed by the | P value† | Group (pairwise) comparisons | ||||
ACR 1997 criteria | SLICC 2012 criteria | EULAR/ACR 2019 criteria | All three criteria | |||
SLICC 2012 items Groups: | A (n=99) | B (n=60) | C (n=79) | D (n=20) | ||
Acute cutaneous lupus | 49 (49.5%) | 48 (80.0%) | 57 (72.2%) | 12 (60.0%) | < 0.001 | A versus B/C*** |
Chronic cutaneous lupus | 10 (10.1%) | 5 (8.3%) | 14 (17.7%) | 1 (5.0%) | 0.055 | – |
Non-scarring alopecia | 42 (42.4%) | 22 (36.7%) | 50 (63.3%) | 9 (45.0%) | < 0.001 | A versus C**; B versus C*** |
Mucosal ulcers | 12 (12.1%) | 14 (23.3%) | 41 (51.9%) | 3 (15.0%) | < 0.001 | A/B/D versus C*** |
Mucocutaneous domain (any) | 72 (72.7%) | 53 (88.3%) | 73 (92.4%) | 16 (80.0%) | < 0.001 | A versus B*; A versus C*** |
Synovitis | 69 (69.7%) | 52 (86.7%) | 59 (74.7%) | 13 (65.0%) | < 0.001 | A versus B**; B versus C/D* |
Serositis | 6 (6.1%) | 6 (10.0%) | 10 (12.7%) | 2 (10.0%) | 0.363 | – |
Renal disorder | 3 (3.0%) | 2 (3.3%) | 5 (6.3%) | 2 (10.0%) | 0.136 | – |
Neurological disorder | 8 (8.1%) | 4 (6.7%) | 5 (6.3%) | 4 (20.0%) | 0.058 | – |
Haemolytic anaemia | 3 (3.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (2.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.216 | – |
Leucopaenia | 20 (20.2%) | 9 (15.0%) | 22 (27.8%) | 2 (10.0%) | 0.016 | B versus C*; C versus A* |
Thrombocytopaenia | 18 (18.2%) | 4 (6.7%) | 10 (12.7%) | 2 (10.0%) | 0.036 | A versus B* |
Haematol. domain (any) | 29 (29.3%) | 12 (20.0%) | 27 (34.2%) | 4 (20.0%) | 0.034 | B versus C* |
Haematol. domain ( ≥ 2 items) | 12 (12.1%) | 1 (1.7%) | 7 (8.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.002 | A versus Β*; A versus D**; C versus B/D* |
Anti-DNA Ab | 18 (18.2%) | 2 (3.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | < 0.001 | A versus B**; A versus B/C*** |
Anti-Sm Ab | 2 (2.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (1.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.224 | – |
Anti-phospholipid Ab | 18 (18.2%) | 1 (1.7%) | 9 (11.4%) | 1 (5.0%) | < 0.001 | A versus B***; B versus C* |
Autoantibodies (any) | 26 (26.3%) | 3 (5.0%) | 10 (12.7%) | 1 (5.0%) | < 0.001 | A versus B***; A versus C*; A versus C** |
Low complement | 43 (43.4%) | 2 (3.3%) | 17 (21.5%) | 1 (5.0%) | < 0.001 | A versus B/C/D***; B versus C***; C versus D** |
Coombs test | 5 (5.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (2.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.057 | – |
ANA | 84 (84.8%) | 34 (56.7%) | 35 (44.3%) | 10 (50.0%) | < 0.001 | A versus B/C/D*** |
*p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001.
†Linear mixed model analysis was used to consider for partially paired samples included in the four groups (A–D). Repeated covariance type was set to scale identity to avoid inflated type I error. Main effects were tested by robust estimation method. Pairwise effects were adjusted for multiple comparisons (sequential Bonferroni method).
ACR, American College of Rheumatology; EULAR, European League Against Rheumatism; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; SLICC, Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics.