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Giant cell arteritis
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Takayasu arteritis
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Key symptoms New-onset of persistent localised headache, often in the temporal area. Constitutional symptoms (eg, weight loss >2 kg, low-grade fever, fatigue, night sweats). Jaw and/or tongue claudication. Acute visual symptoms such as amaurosis fugax, acute visual loss, diplopia. Symptoms of polymyalgia rheumatica. Limb claudication.
| Key symptoms New onset or worsening of limb claudication. Constitutional symptoms (eg, weight loss >2 kg, low-grade fever, fatigue, night sweats). Myalgia, arthralgia, arthritis. Severe abdominal pain. Stroke, seizures (non-hypertensive), syncope, dizziness. Paresis of extremities. Myocardial infarct, angina. Acute visual symptoms such as amaurosis fugax or diplopia.
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Key findings on clinical examination Tenderness and / or thickening of the superficial temporal arteries with or without reduced pulsation. Scalp tenderness. Bruits (particularly in the axilla). Reduced pulses/blood pressure of the upper limbs. Pathological findings during ophthalmologic examination including anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy, oculomotor cranial nerve palsy/palsies, central retinal artery occlusion, branch retinal artery occlusion and/or choroidal ischaemia.
| Key findings on clinical examination
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