FEPRA study (n=80) | Generation R Study (n=354) | |
Age child* (years), mean (SD) | 6.8 (1.3)† | 6.0 (0.4)† |
BMI SDS child,* mean (SD) | −0.14 (0.87)† | 0.18 (0.74)† |
Sex of the child | ||
Male, n (%) | 46 (57.5) | 176 (49.7) |
Female, n (%) | 34 (42.5) | 178 (50.3) |
Maternal age at delivery (years), mean (SD) | 32.9 (3.9) | 32.5 (4.0) |
Gestational age (weeks), mean (SD) | 39.5 (2.0)† | 40.2 (1.5)† |
Gestational age <37 weeks, n (%) | 8 (10.0)† | 6 (1.7)† |
Folic acid | ||
Start before pregnancy, n (%) | 25 (31.3)† | 212 (59.9)† |
Start in early pregnancy, n (%) | 19 (23.8)† | 116 (32.8)† |
No use, n (%) | 36 (45.0)† | 26 (7.3)† |
SES based on educational level | ||
Low, n (%) | 9 (11.3)† | 4 (1.1)† |
Middle, n (%) | 33 (41.3)† | 108 (30.5)† |
High, n (%) | 38 (47.5)† | 242 (68.4)† |
Maternal smoking,‡ n (%) | 1 (1.3)† | 86 (24.3)† |
DAS28-CRP(3) third trimester, mean (SD) | 3.3 (1.1) | – |
Use of medication ≥1 trimester | ||
Only prednisone use, n (%) | 17 (21.3) | – |
Only sulfasalazine use, n (%) | 14 (17.5) | – |
Combination, n (%) | 13 (16.3) | – |
Prednisone dose (mg), median (IQR) | ||
First trimester | 7.5 (2.5–10.0) | – |
Second trimester | 7.5 (5.0–10.0) | – |
Third trimester | 6.3 (5.0–10.0) | – |
No medication use, n (%) | 36 (45.0) | – |
Fat percentage SDS, mean (SD) | 0.24 (0.97) | – |
*At time of the blood sampling.
†P<0.001.
‡During pregnancy.
BMI, body mass index;DAS28-CRP(3), Disease Activity Score in 28 joints using C reactive protein levels;FEPRA, FEtal Programming in Rheumatoid Arthritis; SDS, SD score;SES, socioeconomic status.