Table 1

Clinical and laboratory parameters attributable to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), assessed at each outpatient visit

Manifestation	Description
1. Arthritis	Number of swollen joints in 28-joint count.
2. Localized skin rash	Acute, subacute and chronic cutaneous lupus rashes included in the SLICC classification criteria, only above the neck.
3. Generalized skin rash	Acute, subacute and chronic cutaneous lupus rashes included in the SLICC classification criteria, above and below the neck.
4. Alopecia	Abnormal, patchy or diffuse loss of hair.
5. Mucosal ulcers	Oral or nasal ulcerations.
6. Systemic vasculitis	Systemic vasculitis involving large and medium-sized vessels and lupus enteritis.
7. Mucocutaneous vasculitis	Any mucocutaneous vasculitis and chilblain lupus.
8. Neuropsychiatric involvement	Neuropsychiatric features included in the SLICC classification criteria for SLE, including recent onset of seizure, psychosis, organic brain syndrome, acute confusional state, SLE retinal changes, peripheral neuropathy, myelopathy, lupus headache, cerebrovascular accident and aseptic meningitis.
9. Cardiac/pulmonary involvement	Including shrinking lung, interstitial pneumonitis, diffuse alveolar haemorrhage, pulmonary hypertension, myocarditis, valvular dysfunction, Libman-Sacks endocarditis.
10.Serositis	Including sterile peritonitis in addition to pleurisy and pericarditis.
11.Myositis	Proximal muscle aching/weakness with elevated CK/aldolase or electromyogram changes or a biopsy showing myositis.
12.Proteinuria	Urinary protein-creatinine ratio (mg/g) or 24 hours urinary protein (mg/24 hours), above 500 mg/g and 500 mg/24 hours, respectively.
13.Hypocomplementaemia	Decrease in C3 or C4 below the lower limit of normal for testing laboratory.
14.Increased anti-dsDNA	Increase in DNA binding above the upper limit of normal for testing laboratory.
15.Thrombocytopenia	Platelet count (10^9/L), below 100x10^9/L platelets.
16.Leucopenia	Leucocyte count (10^9/L), below 3x10^9/L white blood cells.
17. Haemolytic anaemia	Anaemia with positive direct Coombs test, increased serum LDH and low serum haptoglobin.

CK, creatine kinase; LDH, lactic dehydrogenase; SLICC, Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics.