Univariable GEE analysis for factors associated with early onset cNL
| OR (95% CI) | P values | |
| Maternal characteristics | ||
| Age at delivery | 1.0 (0.9 to 1.1) | 0.89 |
| Primary or secondary SS | 1.8 (1.0 to 3.3) | 0.06 |
| Anti-La antibody positive | 3.7 (1.7 to 7.8) | < 0.01 |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.6) | < 0.01 |
| Fluorinated steroids±IVIG±plasmapheresis | 2.1 (0.7 to 6.4) | 0.17 |
| Non-fluorinated steroids±azathioprine | 0.7 (0.4 to 1.3) | 0.27 |
| Children characteristics | ||
| Female gender | 1.5 (0.8 to 2.8) | 0.18 |
| Born ≥year 2000 | 1.1 (0.6 to 2.0) | 0.83 |
| Sibling with cNL and/or cardiac NL | 1.6 (0.8 to 3.0) | 0.16 |
| Registry* | 2.1 (1.1 to 4.0) | 0.02 |
Variables with a p value ≤0.05 were selected for inclusion in the multivariable GEE model (p values in bold).
*Comparator is the SickKids NLE Database Registry.
cNL, cutaneous neonatal lupus; GEE, generalised estimating equation; IVIG, intravenous immunoglobulin; NL, neonatal lupus; NLE, neonatal lupus erythematosus; SS, Sjogren’s syndrome.