Univariate analysis ESRD | Univariate analysis CKD | |||||
RR | 95% CI | P values | RR | 95% CI | P values | |
Year of LN diagnosis | 0.941 | 0.914 to 0.967 | <0.0001 | 0.964 | 0.945 to 1.058 | 0.00017 |
Male gender | 1.84 | 0.810 to 4.188 | 0.14 | 1.53 | 0.824 to 2.836 | 0.18 |
Age at diagnosis of LN | 0.998 | 0.969 to 1.027 | 0.9 | 1.01 | 0.987 to 1.026 | 0.5 |
Duration of SLE before diagnosis of LN | 0.925 | 0.835 to 1.024 | 0.13 | 0.961 | 0.906 to 1.019 | 0.19 |
Histological classes: II+V vs III+IV | 3.01 | 1.067 to 8.456 | 0.037 | 1.79 | 0.987 to 3.251 | 0.055 |
Activity index* | 1.15 | 1.085 to 1.26 | <0.0001 | 1.11 | 1.065 to 1.167 | <0.0001 |
Chronicity index* | 1.39 | 0.935 to 1.531 | <0.0001 | 1.3 | 1.197 to 1.414 | <0.0001 |
Urinary abnormalities+nephrotic syndrome vs nephritic syndrome+rapidly progressive renal insufficiency | 3.19 | 2.202 to 4.620 | <0.0001 | 2.35 | 1.88 to 2.943 | <0.0001 |
Log serum creatinine† | 5.03 | 3.52 to 7.26 | <0.0001 | 3.72 | 2.838 to 4.838 | <0.0001 |
Creatinine clearance | 0.967 | 0.864 to 1.082 | <0.0001 | 0.974 | 0.967 to 0.981 | <0.0001 |
Proteinuria g/24 hours | 1.04 | 0.969 to 1.110 | 0.28 | 1.03 | 0.979 to 1.083 | 0.24 |
Urinary erythrocytes | 0.996 | 0.984 to 1.008 | 0.56 | 1.002 | 0.997 to 1.006 | 0.46 |
Serum albumin | 0.551 | 0.36 to 0.84 | 0.0058 | 0.716 | 0.53 to 0.96 | 0.026 |
Arterial hypertension | 8.35 | 3.277 to 21.177 | <0.0001 | 4.15 | 2.480 to 6.900 | <0.0001 |
Haematocrit | 0.91 | 0.875 to 0.946 | <0.0001 | 0.926 | 0.899 to 0.953 | <0.0001 |
White blood cell count | 1 | 1.000 to 1.000 | <0.0001 | 1 | 1.000 to 1.000 | 0.008 |
Platelet count | 1 | 1.000 to 1.000 | 0.33 | 1 | 1.000 to 1.000 | 0.07 |
C3 | 0.993 | 0.979 to 1.005 | 0.26 | 0.997 | 0.988 to 1.005 | 0.5 |
C4 | 0.998 | 0.977 to 0.995 | 0.8 | 0.997 | 0.982 to 1.011 | 0.68 |
Methyprednisolone pulses/oral prednisolone | 1.01 | 0.45 to 2.26 | 0.97 | 0.913 | 0.530 to 1.571 | 0.74 |
Immunosuppressive induction therapy | 2.23 | 1.079 to 4.623 | 0.03 | 0.724 | 0.420 to 1.244 | 0.24 |
Immunosuppressive maintenance therapy | 0.693 | 0.34 to 1.41 | 0.31 | 0.857 | 0.53 | 1.38 |
*For any unit increase in activity or in chronicity index.
†For any unit increase in log serum creatinine.
Significant P values are given in bold.
C3/C4, complement components; CKD, chronic kidney disease; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; LN, lupus nephritis; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus.