Table 3

Univariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis among the clinical characteristics at presentation of lupus nephritis for end-stage renal disease and chronic kidney disease

Univariate analysis ESRDUnivariate analysis CKD
RR95% CIP valuesRR95% CIP values
Year of LN diagnosis0.9410.914 to 0.967 <0.0001 0.9640.945 to 1.058 0.00017
Male gender1.840.810 to 4.1880.141.530.824 to 2.8360.18
Age at diagnosis of LN0.9980.969 to 1.0270.91.010.987 to 1.0260.5
Duration of SLE before diagnosis of LN0.9250.835 to 1.0240.130.9610.906 to 1.0190.19
Histological classes:
 II+V vs III+IV
3.011.067 to 8.456 0.037 1.790.987 to 3.2510.055
Activity index*1.151.085 to 1.26 <0.0001 1.111.065 to 1.167 <0.0001
Chronicity index*1.390.935 to 1.531 <0.0001 1.31.197 to 1.414 <0.0001
Urinary abnormalities+nephrotic syndrome vs
nephritic syndrome+rapidly progressive renal insufficiency
3.192.202 to 4.620 <0.0001 2.351.88 to 2.943 <0.0001
Log serum creatinine†5.033.52 to 7.26 <0.0001 3.722.838 to 4.838 <0.0001
Creatinine clearance0.9670.864 to 1.082 <0.0001 0.9740.967 to 0.981 <0.0001
Proteinuria g/24 hours1.040.969 to 1.1100.281.030.979 to 1.0830.24
Urinary erythrocytes0.9960.984 to 1.0080.561.0020.997 to 1.0060.46
Serum albumin0.5510.36 to 0.840.00580.7160.53 to 0.960.026
Arterial hypertension8.353.277 to 21.177 <0.0001 4.152.480 to 6.900 <0.0001
Haematocrit0.910.875 to 0.946 <0.0001 0.9260.899 to 0.953 <0.0001
White blood cell count11.000 to 1.000 <0.0001 11.000 to 1.000 0.008
Platelet count11.000 to 1.0000.3311.000 to 1.0000.07
C30.9930.979 to 1.0050.260.9970.988 to 1.0050.5
C40.9980.977 to 0.9950.80.9970.982 to 1.0110.68
Methyprednisolone pulses/oral prednisolone1.010.45 to 2.260.970.9130.530 to 1.5710.74
Immunosuppressive induction therapy2.231.079 to 4.623 0.03 0.7240.420 to 1.2440.24
Immunosuppressive maintenance therapy0.6930.34 to 1.410.310.8570.531.38
  • *For any unit increase in activity or in chronicity index.

  • †For any unit increase in log serum creatinine.

  • Significant P values are given in bold.

  • C3/C4, complement components; CKD, chronic kidney disease; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; LN, lupus nephritis; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus.