Factors associated with the presence of symptoms suggestive of depression (WHO-5 score of ≤28) in the multivariable regression analysis in different age groups
| Reference | All patients*, n=1736, OR (95% CI) | Age 18–39, n=287,OR (95% CI) | Age 40–49, n=361, OR (95% CI) | Age 50–59, n=376, OR (95% CI) | Age 60–69, n=372, OR (95% CI) | Age 70–79, n=340, OR (95% CI) | |
| Age | Per 10 years | 0.98 (0.97 to 0.99) | – | – | – | – | – |
| Sex, female | Male | 1.00 (0.77 to 1.29) | 1.29 (0.68 to 2.43) | 0.70 (0.42 to 1.18) | 1.01 (0.59 to 1.72) | 0.86 (0.48 to 1.56) | 1.57 (0.85 to 2.91) |
| BASDAI | Per unit | 1.37 (1.27 to 1.49) | 1.11 (0.91 to 1.35) | 1.40 (1.21 to 1.63) | 1.28 (1.06 to 1.54) | 1.74 (1.40 to 2.16) | 1.38 (1.13 to 1.67) |
| BASFI | Per unit | 1.25 (1.17 to 1.33) | 1.37 (1.13 to 1.66) | 1.17 (1.02 to 1.34) | 1.35 (1.18 to 1.56) | 1.15 (0.99 to 1.34) | 1.23 (1.06 to 1.42) |
| Lack of exercise | No | 1.50 (1.14 to 1.98) | 1.91 (1.02 to 3.55) | 1.26 (0.73 to 2.15) | 1.23 (0.66 to 2.32) | 1.84 (0.93 to 3.64) | 1.77 (0.90 to 3.49) |
| Suffering from stress | No | 2.03 (1.55 to 2.64) | 3.39 (1.66 to 6.94) | 2.01 (1.19 to 3.37) | 2.04 (1.19 to 3.50) | 1.20 (0.62 to 2.33) | 1.87 (0.87 to 4.01) |
| Household income, < € 1500 | > € 3200 | 1.88 (1.27 to 2.78) | 2.42 (0.95 to 6.20) | 1.25 (0.55 to 2.81) | 2.52 (1.13 to 5.61) | 1.65 (0.50 to 5.39) | 2.06 (0.45 to 9.4) |
| Household income, € 1500–3200 | > € 3200 | 1.54 (1.08 to 2.19) | 3.12 (1.42 to 6.85) | 1.37 (0.78 to 2.42) | 1.83 (0.88 to 3.82) | 0.76 (0.24 to 2.41) | 2.20 (0.49 to 9.92) |
*The original model including age as a continuous covariate is shown for a reference purpose.
Odds ratios of variables associated with a WHO-5 score of ≤ 28 are shown in bold.
BASDAI, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index; BASFI, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index; WHO-5, five-item WHO Well-Being Index.