Uptake of csDMARDs: association with sociodemographic, clinical and treatment variables as well as indicators of the country socioeconomic welfare
| Independent predictors | Univariable analysis OR (95% CI) | Multivariable analysis OR (95% CI) n=2792 |
| Country health expenditure (high/medium vs low) | 0.52 (0.26 to 1.03) | 0.32 (0.15 to 0.65) |
| Age (years) | 1.01 (1.00 to 1.02) | 1.00 (1.00 to1.01) |
| Male gender (vs females) | 0.73 (0.61 to 0.87) | 0.76 (0.62 to0.94) |
| Axial (vs peripheral) disease | 0.30 (0.24 to 0.39) | 0.31 (0.23 to0.44) |
| ASDAS | 1.17 (1.07 to 1.27) | 1.16 (1.06 to1.28) |
| Sacroiliitis on X-ray | 0.53 (0.43 to0.65) | 0.74 (0.58 to0.94) |
| History of extra-articular manifestations | 1.39 (0.00 to 1.16) | 1.53 (1.23 to 1.90) |
| Total NSAID score (0–400) in last 3 months | 1.00 (1.00 to 1.01) | 1.00 (1.00 to 1.01) |
| Past csDMARD use | 0.39 (0.32 to 0.48) | 0.36 (0.28 to 0.45) |
| Past bDMARD use | 0.55 (0.42 to 0.73) | 0.73 (0.53 to 1.00) |
ASDAS, Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score; bDMARD, biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drug; csDMARD, conventional synthetic DMARDs; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.