Adjusted HRs for cardiovascular disease for both sexes
| Risk factor | Age-adjusted and sex-adjusted HR (95% CI) | Multivariable-adjusted* HR (95% CI) | p Value for sex difference | ||
| Cardiovascular disease | Overall | Overall | Women | Men | |
| Male sex (vs female) | 1.74 (1.41 to 2.13) | 1.49 (1.19 to 1.85) | – | – | – |
| Age, years† | 1.70 (1.57 to 1.85) | 1.66 (1.52 to 1.81) | 1.74 (1.56 to 1.94) | 1.54 (1.33 to 1.79) | 0.19 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.10 (1.02 to 1.20) | 1.15 (0.93 to 1.43) | 1.06 (0.80 to 1.40) | 1.27 (0.90 to 1.77) | 0.94 |
| LDL-c, mmol/L | 1.15 (1.04 to 1.27) | 1.00 (0.79 to 1.27) | 1.11 (0.81 to 1.52) | 0.89 (0.62 to 1.29) | 0.29 |
| HDL-c, mmol/L | 0.73 (0.56 to 0.95) | 0.67 (0.48 to 0.93) | 0.76 (0.51 to 1.15) | 0.51 (0.28 to 0.94) | 0.82 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L‡ | 1.17 (1.06 to 1.30) | 1.13 (0.99 to 1.29) | 1.08 (0.89 to 1.31) | 1.24 (1.01 to 1.51) | 0.79 |
| Current smoker | 2.05 (1.58 to 2.67) | 1.98 (1.52 to 2.58) | 1.79 (1.28 to 2.50) | 2.50 (1.56 to 4.03) | 0.20 |
| Former smoker | 1.46 (1.14 to 1.86) | 1.43 (1.12 to 1.83) | 1.36 (1.01 to 1.82) | 1.75 (1.10 to 2.79) | 0.39 |
| Hypertension | 1.62 (1.31 to 2.00) | 1.59 (1.28 to 1.96) | 1.40 (1.07 to 1.84) | 1.95 (1.38 to 2.75) | 0.30 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1.49 (1.08 to 2.06) | 1.39 (0.99 to 1.95) | 1.62 (1.06 to 2.50) | 1.13 (0.66 to 1.96) | 0.42 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 1.01 (0.99 to 1.03) | 1.00 (0.98 to 1.02) | 1.00 (0.97 to 1.02) | 1.00 (0.96 to 1.04) | 0.79 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | |||||
| DAS28 ≥3.2 | 1.40 (1.03 to 1.90) | 1.24 (0.91 to 1.70) | 1.32 (0.88 to 1.98) | 1.12 (0.68 to 1.84) | 0.80 |
| RF/ACPA positive | 1.30 (1.02 to 1.65) | 1.23 (0.96 to 1.56) | 1.26 (0.92 to 1.70) | 1.18 (0.79 to 1.76) | 0.99 |
| ESR, mm/hour† | 1.02 (0.98 to 1.07) | 1.01 (0.97 to 1.06) | 1.03 (0.96 to 1.09) | 1.01 (0.94 to 1.08) | 0.68 |
| CRP, mg/L† | 1.02 (0.99 to 1.04) | 1.01 (0.98 to 1.04) | 1.01 (0.96 to 1.05) | 1.02 (0.97 to 1.06) | 0.82 |
*All cardiovascular risk factors were included in one multivariable model for each sex, except triglycerides. Each rheumatoid arthritis variable was subsequently added to the overall and sex-specific multivariable models including all the cardiovascular disease risk factors.
†Per 10 unit increase.
‡Estimates for triglycerides were obtained by removing HDL-c and adding triglycerides to the overall multivariable model.
ACPA, anticitrullinated protein antibodies; CRP, C reactive protein; DAS28, Disease Activity Score including 28 joints; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; HDL-c, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-c, Low density lipoprotein cholesterol; RF, rheumatoid factor.