Causes of death in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by year of start of enrolment and income level. Values are weighted mean percentages of death from each cause, with weights equal to the number of deaths in each study.
| Years | All studies | Inception cohorts | ||||||||||||
| Number of studies | Number of deaths | SLE % | Infection% | CVD% | Cancer% | Other% | Number of studies | Number of deaths | SLE% | Infection% | CVD% | Cancer% | Other% | |
| Adult high income (b=−7.1, p=0.01) | Adult high income (b=−9.6, p=0.01) | |||||||||||||
| <1980 | 28 | 1244 | 42.4 | 23.7 | 16.5 | 5.4 | 12.0 | 6 | 331 | 18.9 | 21.9 | 32.5 | 12.8 | 13.9 |
| 1980–1989 | 15 | 287 | 31.0 | 23.7 | 21.9 | 4.5 | 18.9 | 5 | 87 | 32.3 | 24.1 | 26.9 | 8.7 | 8.0 |
| 1990–1999 | 13 | 353 | 18.0 | 23.1 | 20.8 | 8.0 | 30.1 | 5 | 124 | 7.7 | 42.3 | 32.2 | 4.9 | 12.9 |
| ≥2000 | 2 | 246 | 12.3 | 15.1 | 11.3 | 7.5 | 53.8 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Adult low/middle income (b=0.51, p=0.88) | Adult low/middle income (b=−14.6, p=0.03) | |||||||||||||
| <1980 | 8 | 633 | 25.0 | 35.8 | 15.0 | 1.5 | 22.7 | 1 | 16 | 37.5 | 31 | 25 | 0 | 6.5 |
| 1980–1989 | 5 | 210 | 36.5 | 34.9 | 12.2 | 0.4 | 16.0 | 1 | 56 | 38.2 | 26.5 | 16.2 | 0 | 19.1 |
| 1990–1999 | 9 | 313 | 26.9 | 53.9 | 4.1 | 2.1 | 13.0 | 3 | 144 | 16.9 | 65.3 | 6.4 | 2.7 | 8.7 |
| ≥2000 | 7 | 90 | 34.3 | 37.5 | 10.6 | 4.2 | 13.4 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 50.0 | 0 | 0 | 50.0 |
| Paediatric high income (b=−1.21, p=0.78) | Paediatric high income (b=−0.16, p=0.99) | |||||||||||||
| <1980 | 13 | 173 | 41.4 | 44.9 | 7.9 | 0.6 | 5.1 | 1 | 3 | 67.0 | 33.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1980–1994 | 8 | 61 | 56.3 | 34.9 | 3.4 | 0 | 5.0 | 1 | 6 | 33.3 | 66.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| ≥1995 | 4 | 25 | 28.2 | 63.7 | 0 | 0 | 8.1 | 1 | 9 | 55.5 | 33.0 | 0 | 0 | 11.5 |
| Paediatric low/middle income (b=10.9, p=0.24) | Paediatric low/middle income | |||||||||||||
| <1980 | 2 | 26 | 26.7 | 42.4 | 19.4 | 0 | 11.4 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 1980–1994 | 9 | 96 | 41.8 | 35.7 | 12.6 | 0 | 9.9 | 2 | 7 | 28.7 | 28.4 | 28.6 | 0 | 14.3 |
| ≥1995 | 3 | 18 | 67.3 | 32.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
CVD, cardiovascular disease.