Study findings
| Author, year, (multiple publication) | Group: time point | Body weight, kg | Body weight change from baseline, kg | sUA, μmol/L | Achieving sUA target*, n pts | Gout attacks |
| Nguyen et al, 201644 (Sherwin et al 198147) | <−5% BMI: 12 months | NA | NA | NA | NA | Recurrent, OR 0.61 (0.32 to 1.16)† |
| −3.6 to −5% BMI: 12 months | NA | NA | NA | NA | Recurrent, OR 0.94 (0.43 to 2.06)† | |
| No change: 12 months | NA | NA | NA | NA | Recurrent, OR 1.00 (reference)† | |
| +3.6 to +5% BMI: 12 months | NA | NA | NA | NA | Recurrent, OR 1.43 (0.75 to 2.72)† | |
| >+5% BMI: 12 months | NA | NA | NA | NA | Recurrent, OR 1.60 (0.89 to 2.89)† | |
| Dalbeth et al, 201427 (Dalbeth et al 201342) | Baseline (part 1) | 139.8 (23.8) | – | 410 (70) | 2 (17) | 2 (17) pts had ≥1 in 3 months |
| 6 months (part 1/2) | 134.3 (24.3) | −5.5 (5.2) | 440 (90) | 2 (17) | 0 (0) pts had ≥1 in 6 months | |
| 6 months, 2 weeks (part 2) | NA | NA | 510 (130) | NA | NA | |
| 1.5 years (part 2) | 100.3 (16.3) | −34 (11.0) | 330 (90) | 8 (67) | 3 (25) pts had ≥1 in follow-up | |
| Romero-Talamás et al, 2014 46 | I: Baseline | 143‡ | – | 546 (120) | NA | 20 (24) pts had ≥1 in 12 months |
| I: 1 month | 132‡ | −11‡ | NA | NA | NA (18) pts had ≥1 in 1 month | |
| I: 13 months | 101‡ | −31‡ | 336 (150) | NA | NA (8) pts had ≥1 in 12 months | |
| C: Baseline | 106‡ | – | 462 (120) | NA | 10 (18) pts had ≥1 in 12 months | |
| C: 1 month | 105‡ | −1‡ | NA | NA | NA (2) pts had ≥1 in 1 month | |
| C: 13 months | 104‡ | −2‡ | 420 (96) | NA | NA (11) pts had ≥1 in 12 month | |
| Zeng et al, 201249 (In Chinese) | I: Baseline | 74.5 (3.50) | – | 486 (41) | NA | All (100) had ≥1 in 6 months; 33 episodes |
| I: 6 months | 65.8 (4.44) | −8.7 | 420 (37) | NA | 17 episodes; 48% fewer gout attacks | |
| C: Baseline | 72.7 (3.26) | – | 486 (41) | NA | All (100) had ≥1 in 6 months; 36 episodes | |
| C: 6 months | 69.3 (7.78) | −3.4 | 467 (42) | NA | 28 episodes; 22% fewer gout attacks | |
| Perez-Ruiz et al, 201145 (unpublished data) | Lost weight: baseline | 81.0 (11.0) | – | 263 (59)§ | 23 (92)§ | 0 (0)§ pts with gout attacks at withdrawal |
| Lost weight: mean 34 (26) months | 77.8 (11.0) | −3.2 (5.6) | 298 (59)§ | 27 (93)§ | 5 (17)§ pts with gout attacks during follow-up | |
| No weight loss: baseline | 81.9 (8.6) | – | 491 (95)§ | 150 (90)§ | 0 (0)§ pts with gout attacks at withdrawal | |
| No weight loss: mean 32 (28) months | 84.3 (9.9) | 2.4 (4.3) | 509 (90)§ | 146 (90)§ | 80 (49)§ pts with gout attacks during follow-up | |
| Zhu et al, 201329 (Sherwin et al 198147) | ≤−10 kg: 7 years | NA | (range, ≤−10) | Change, −37 (−40 to −35)‡‡ | OR 3.19 (1.99 to 5.09)** | NA |
| −5 to −9.9 kg: 7 years | NA | (range, −9.9 to −5) | Change, −19 (−20 to −17)‡‡ | OR 2.33 (1.75 to 3.11)** | NA | |
| −1 to −4.9 kg: 7 years | NA | (range, −4.9 to −1) | Change, −7 (−9 to −6)‡‡ | OR 1.53 (1.24 to 1.89)** | NA | |
| No change: 7 years | NA | (range, −0.9 to 0.9) | Change, 0 (reference)‡‡ | OR 1.0 (reference)** | NA | |
| +1 to +4.9 kg: 7 years | NA | (range, 1 to 4.9) | Change, 5 (4 to 7)‡‡ | OR 1.01 (0.80 to 1.27)** | NA | |
| +5 to +9.9 kg: 7 years | NA | (range, 5 to 9.9) | Change, 17 (16 to 19)‡‡ | OR 0.65 (0.45 to 0.95)** | NA | |
| ≥+10 kg: 7 years | NA | (range, ≥10) | Change, 26 (23 to 29)‡‡ | OR 0.58 (0.31 to 1.08)** | NA | |
| Barskova et al, 200940 (In Russian) | Baseline | 94‡ | – | 570 (110) | 0 (0) | 3†† (range, 1 to 6) pr. patient in 12 months |
| 6 months | 91‡ | −3‡ | 435 (91) | NA | NA | |
| 12 months | 91‡ | −3‡ | 443 (107) | 11 (48) | 1†† (range, 0–2) pr. patient in 12 months | |
| Friedman et al, 200843 | Baseline | 143‡ | – | NA | NA | NA |
| 6 months | NA | NA | NA | NA | 7 (33%) pts had an attack during 6 months | |
| Dessein et al, 200028 (Terkeltaub et al 200148) | Baseline | 91.1†† (23.5) | – | 570†† (100) | 1 (8)††¶ | 2.1†† (SD, 0.8) pr. month (in 4 months) |
| 16 weeks | 83.4†† (22.0) | −7.7†† (range: 0 to −21) | 470†† (90) | 7 (54)††¶ | 0.6†† (SD, 0.7) pr. month | |
| Brandstetter et al, 198641 (In German) | I: Baseline | 89.9 (10.9) | – | 316 (46) | NA | NA |
| I: 4 weeks | 89.1 (10.6) | −0.8 | 368 (55) | NA | NA | |
| I: 3 months | 87.3 (9.6) | −2.6 | 364 (29) | NA | NA | |
| I: 6 months | 84.2 (8.4) | −5.7 | 320 (61) | NA | NA | |
| C: Baseline | 77.0 (14.0) | – | 297 (54) | NA | NA | |
| C: 4 weeks | 77.0 (13.8) | 0 | 304 (98) | NA | NA |
The results are reported as means (SD) or number (%), unless otherwise indicated.
*Achieving sUA target, that is, sUA <360 μmol/L (6 mg/dL).
†Multivariable OR of recurrent gout attacks according to BMI change. Based on a conditional logistic regression adjusted for BMI, age, education, alcohol and coffee intake, presence of hypertension and diuretic use measured during the 12 months before the incident gout attack. It should be noted that non-overweight gout patients were included as well in the analysis.
‡Estimated from the BMI assuming a height of 1.70 m.
§Due to loss of data, the number of patients in the groups were 25 and 167 at baseline, and 29 and 163 at last follow-up.
¶Note that Dessein et al uses a cut-off of ≤510 μmol/L.
**Multivariable OR of achieving sUA target of ≤360 μmol/L according to the weight loss. Based on a conditional logistic regression adjusted for time-varying covariates, that is, age, congestive heart failure, hypertension, diuretic use, serum creatinine level, alcohol intake and dietary variables (intake of fructose, caffeine, total protein, polyunsaturated fat, monounsaturated fat, saturated fat and fibre). Reported with corresponding 95% CIs. It should be noted that non-overweight gout patients were included as well in their analysis.
††Median.
‡‡Based on linear mixed model adjusted for baseline covariates (race, education level and weight categories), and time-varying covariates, that is, age, congestive heart failure, hypertension, diuretic use, serum creatinine level, alcohol intake and dietary variables (intake of fructose, caffeine, total protein, polyunsaturated fat, monounsaturated fat, saturated fat and fibre). Reported with corresponding 95% CIs. It should be noted that non-overweight and non-gout patients were included as well in their analysis.
AEs, adverse events; BMI, body mass index; I, intervention group; C, control group; n, number; pts, patients; sUA, serum uric acid.