Mean changes in behavioural and patient-reported outcomes after 16 weeks
| Variable | Mean change from baseline mean (95% CI) | Difference in change between groups mean (95% CI) | p Value | |
| Intervention group | Control group | |||
| Daily sitting time (ActivPAL) hours/day | −1.61 (−1.97 to −1.25) | 0.59 (0.24 to 0.95) | −2.20 (−2.72 to −1.69) | <0.0001 |
| Daily standing time* (ActivPAL) hours/day | 1.25 (0.82 to 1.68) | −0.27 (−0.45 to 0.78) | 1.52 (1.10 to 1.95) | <0.001 |
| Daily stepping time* (ActivPAL) hours/day | 0.50 (0.26 to 0.95) | −0.05 (−0.32 to 0.64) | 0.55 (0.35 to 0.74) | <0.001 |
| Breaks up of daily sitting (ActivPAL) (number/day) | −0.47 (−3.52 to 2.57) | −1.97 (−5.02 to 1.07) | 1.50 (−2.81 to 5.81) | 0.49 |
| Self-reported sitting time at work (hour/day) | −1.12 (−1.68 to −0.57) | 0.005 (0.54 to 0.55) | −1.13 (−1.90 to −0.35) | 0.005 |
| Self-reported sitting time in leisure (hour/day) | −1.30 (−1.68 to −0.93) | 0.15 (−0.22 to 0.53) | −1.46 (−2.00 to −0.92) | <0.0001 |
| Physical function (HAQ) | −0.28 (−0.36 to −0.19) | 0.14 (0.06 to 0.22) | −0.42 (−0.54 to −0.30) | <0.0001 |
| Fatigue (VAS)/mm | −19.04 (−24.22 to −13.86) | 7.77 (2.59 to 12.95) | −26.80 (−34.32 to −19.30) | <0.0001 |
| Fatigue (MFI) | ||||
| General fatigue | −2.17 (−3.00 to −1.35) | 1.25 (0.44 to 2.07) | −3.43 (−4.59 to −2.26) | <0.0001 |
| Physical fatigue | −3.18 (−4.02 to −2.34) | 1.34 (0.50 to 2.18) | −4.52 (−5.73 to −3.30) | <0.0001 |
| Mental fatigue | −1.80 (−2.50 to −1.10) | 0.65 (−0.05 to 1.35) | −2.46 (−3.46 to −1.46) | <0.0001 |
| Reduced activity | −3.28 (−4.05 to −2.50) | 1.60 (0.83 to 2.37) | −4.88 (−5.99 to −3.77) | <0.0001 |
| Reduced motivation | −1.35 (−2.00 to −0.69) | 1.26 (0.60 to 1.91) | −2.60 (−3.54 to −1.67) | <0.0001 |
| Pain (VAS)/mm | −14.77 (−19.50 to −10.04) | 7.59 (2.58 to 12.32) | −22.36 (−29.27 to −15.44) | <0.0001 |
| Self-efficacy (GSES) | 3.96 (2.80 to 5.12) | −2.25 (−3.41 to −1.09) | 6.21 (4.54 to 7.88) | <0.0001 |
| HR-QoL (SF-36) | ||||
| SF36-PCS | 6.30 (4.33 to 8.26) | −2.58 (−4.54 to −0.61) | 8.88 (6.06 to 11.69) | <0.0001 |
| SF36-MCS | 4.94 (3.42 to 6.46) | −1.83 (−3.34 to −0.32) | 6.77 (4.62 to 8.92) | <0.0001 |
*Not an outcome measure, however, changes in daily sitting, standing and/or stepping time are interdependent, and reduced sitting time may be replaced by either standing or stepping time.
GSES, General Self-efficacy Scale; HAQ, Health Assessment Questionnaire; HR-QoL, Health-Related Quality of Life; MCS, Mental Component Scale; MFI, Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory; PCS, Physical Component Scale; SF36, 36-Item Short Form Survey Instrument; VAS, Visual Analogue Scale.