Features at diagnosis according to ethnicity groups
| Variable | White (n=6174) | Asian (n=1066) | Hispanic (n=393) | Black/African-American (n=104) | Others (n=147) |
| Gender (female) | 5720 (92.6) | 1028 (96.4) | 372 (94.7) | 91 (87.5) | 141 (95.9) |
| Age at diagnosis, years | 54.2±14.2 | 48.3±13.3 | 47.8±12.9 | 47.2±12.4 | 52.5±13.7 |
| Dry eye | 5826 (94.4) | 817 (76.6) | 376 (95.7) | 97 (93.3) | 144 (98) |
| Dry mouth | 5775 (93.5) | 891 (83.6) | 378 (96.2) | 99 (95.2) | 146 (99.3) |
| Abnormal ocular tests | 4656/5354 (87) | 818/953 (85.8) | 334/373 (89.5) | 65/78 (83.3) | 115/146 (78.8) |
| Schirmer's test | 3525/4351 (81) | 746/940 (79.4) | 301/345 (87.2) | 33/52 (63.5) | 59/146 (40.4) |
| Rose bengal/other ocular dye score | 1949/2564 (76) | 261/387 (67.4) | 132/175 (75.4) | 20/30 (66.7) | 95/140 (67.9) |
| Positive minor salivary gland biopsy | 3943/4406 (89.5) | 592/709 (83.5) | 258/272 (94.9) | 66/81 (81.5) | 103/138 (74.6) |
| Abnormal oral diagnostic tests | 3664/4504 (81.3) | 555/679 (81.7) | 301/330 (91.2) | 42/63 (66.7) | 93/144 (64.6) |
| Unstimulated whole salivary flow | 2625/3546 (74) | 430/571 (75.3) | 253/292 (86.6) | 35/58 (60.3) | 93/144 (64.6) |
| Parotid sialography† | 655/813 (80.6) | 14/22 (63.6) | 31/35 (88.6) | 1/2 (50) | NP |
| Salivary scintigraphy† | 1880/2262 (83.1) | 179/194 (92.3) | 74/89 (83.1) | 12/14 (85.7) | NP |
| Positive anti-Ro/La antibodies | 4524/6154 (73.5) | 896/1039 (86.2) | 308/389 (79.2) | 81/102 (79.4) | 90/147 (61.2) |
| Anti-Ro antibodies | 4347/6152 (70.7) | 873/1039 (84) | 299/387 (77.3) | 79/101 (78.2) | 80/147 (54.4) |
| Anti-La antibodies | 2669/6130 (43.5) | 510/1027 (49.7) | 180/390 (46.2) | 40/102 (39.2) | 41/147 (27.9) |
| ANA-positive | 4877/6062 (80.5) | 876/1006 (87.1) | 291/381 (76.4) | 87/104 (83.7) | 117/145 (80.7) |
| RF-positive | 2695/5549 (48.6) | 488/954 (51.2) | 202/384 (52.6) | 49/97 (50.5) | 39/145 (26.9) |
| C3 low | 684/5069 (13.5) | 182/901 (20.2) | 36/337 (10.7) | 9/82 (11) | 0/144 (0) |
| C4 low | 685/5064 (13.5) | 91/901 (10.1) | 51/333 (15.3) | 10/77 (13) | 8/144 (5.6) |
| Positive cryoglobulins | 296/3664 (8.1) | 3/266 (1.1) | 4/128 (3.1) | 3/52 (5.8) | 0/1 (0) |
*All comparisons were statistically significant (adjusted p values for 20 comparisons with false discovery rate correction <0.05) except for parotid sialography with a p value equal to 0.086.
†p value was computed excluding others.
ANA, antinuclear antibodies; NP, not performed; RF, rheumatoid factor.