Clinical and demographic characteristics of the patients in the Hopkins lupus cohort who were not in remission at baseline, by each of the four definitions
| Patient characteristic | Not in Clinical Remission at cohort entry (n=1743) | Not in Complete Remission at cohort entry (n=1833) | Not in Clinical ‘ROT’ at cohort entry (n=1657) | Not in Complete ROT at cohort entry (n=1787) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 1606 (92%) | 1694 (92%) | 1527 (92%) | 1652 (92%) |
| Male | 137 (8%) | 139 (8%) | 130 (8%) | 135 (8%) |
| Race | ||||
| Black | 725 (42%) | 748 (41%) | 706 (43%) | 741 (41%) |
| White | 890 (51%) | 949 (52%) | 836 (50%) | 916 (51%) |
| Other | 128 (7%) | 136 (7%) | 115 (7%) | 130 (7%) |
| Age | ||||
| <30 | 592 (34%) | 624 (34%) | 562 (34%) | 605 (34%) |
| 30–39 | 489 (28%) | 522 (28%) | 470 (28%) | 513 (29%) |
| 40–49 | 358 (21%) | 374 (20%) | 343 (21%) | 369 (21%) |
| 50–59 | 216 (12%) | 222 (12%) | 204 (12%) | 215 (12%) |
| >60 | 88 (5%) | 91 (5%) | 78 (5%) | 85 (5%) |
| Duration of SLE prior to cohort entry (years) | ||||
| <1 | 678 (39%) | 709 (39%) | 656 (40%) | 698 (39%) |
| 1–5 | 450 (26%) | 481 (26%) | 424 (26%) | 462 (26%) |
| >5 | 613 (35%) | 641 (35%) | 575 (35%) | 625 (35%) |
| Prednisone | ||||
| <10 mg/day | 966 (55%) | 1056 (58%) | 880 (53%) | 1010 (57%) |
| >10 mg/day | 777 (45%) | 777 (42%) | 777 (47%) | 777 (43%) |
| Plaquenil | ||||
| No | 934 (54%) | 987 (54%) | 890 (54%) | 960 (54%) |
| Yes | 809 (46%) | 846 (46%) | 767 (46%) | 827 (46%) |
| Use of other immunosuppressants | ||||
| No | 1345 (77%) | 1435 (78%) | 1295 (78%) | 1413 (79%) |
| Yes | 398 (23%) | 398 (22%) | 362 (22%) | 827 (46%) |
| Low C3 | ||||
| No | 1243 (75%) | 1303 (74%) | 1189 (54%) | 1262 (74%) |
| Yes | 424 (25%) | 452 (26%) | 402 (25%) | 447 (26%) |
| Low C4 | ||||
| No | 1349 (81%) | 1407 (80%) | 1283 (81%) | 1363 (80%) |
| Yes | 316 (19%) | 346 (20%) | 297 (19%) | 344 (20%) |
| Anti-dsDNA | ||||
| No | 1097 (66%) | 1125 (64%) | 1036 (65%) | 1083 (63%) |
| Yes | 569 (34%) | 627 (36%) | 549 (35%) | 626 (37%) |
| PGA | ||||
| 0–0.49 | 335 (19%) | 425 (23%) | 249 (15%) | 379 (21%) |
| 0.59–1.49 | 855 (49%) | 855 (47%) | 855 (52%) | 855 (48%) |
| >1.5 | 553 (32%) | 553 (30%) | 553 (33%) | 553 (31%) |
| cSLEDAI | ||||
| 0 | 715 (41%) | 805 (44%) | 629 (38%) | 360 (21%) |
| 1–3 | 388 (22%) | 388 (21%) | 388 (23%) | 487 (28%) |
| >4 | 640 (37%) | 640 (35%) | 640 (39%) | 900 (52%) |
| Baseline musculoskeletal activity | ||||
| Absent | 1494 (86%) | 1584 (86%) | 1408 (85%) | 1538 (86%) |
| Present | 249 (14%) | 249 (14%) | 249 (15%) | 249 (14%) |
| Baseline cutaneous activity | ||||
| Absent | 1283 (74%) | 1373 (75%) | 1197 (72%) | 1327 (74%) |
| Present | 460 (26%) | 460 (25%) | 460 (28%) | 460 (26%) |
| Baseline renal activity | ||||
| Absent | 1422 (82%) | 1512 (82%) | 1336 (81%) | 1466 (82%) |
| Present | 321 (18%) | 321 (18%) | 321 (19%) | 321 (18%) |
| Baseline haematological activity | ||||
| Absent | 1574 (90%) | 1664 (91%) | 1488 (90%) | 1618 (91%) |
| Present | 169 (10%) | 169 (9%) | 169 (10%) | 169 (9%) |
| Baseline other activity (Cons, Sero, Neuro, Vasc) | ||||
| Absent | 1583 (91%) | 1673 (91%) | 1497 (90%) | 1627 (91%) |
| Present | 160 (9%) | 160 (9%) | 160 (10%) | 160 (9%) |
| Risk group | ||||
| High activity, High treatment | 616 (35%) | 683 (37%) | 616 (37%) | 683 (38%) |
| High activity, Low treatment | 468 (27%) | 546 (30%) | 468 (28%) | 546 (31%) |
| Low activity, High treatment | 359 (21%) | 292 (16%) | 323 (19%) | 268 (15%) |
| Low activity, Low treatment | 300 (17%) | 312 (17%) | 250 (15%) | 290 (16%) |
Low activity was defined as PGA<1 and SLEDAI<3. If the activity was not low, we called it high. Low treatment was defined as prednisone ≤5 mg/day and no use of immunosuppressive drugs. If the treatment was not low, we called it high.
cSLEDAI, clinical SLEDAI; PGA, physician global assessment; ROT, remission on treatment; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; SLEDAI, Systemic Lupus Disease Activity Index.