Sensitivity analysis additionally adjusted for diabetes, hypertension, PVD and CVD: association of risk factors with hazard of atrial fibrillation in patients who received allopurinol with an absence of atrial fibrillation in the baseline period before the index date of allopurinol episode
| Univariate | Multivariable-adjusted (model 1) | Multivariable-adjusted (model 2) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | p Value | HR (95% CI) | p Value | HR (95% CI) | p Value | |
| Age (in years) | ||||||
| 65–<75 | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| 75–<85 | 1.47 (1.31 to 1.66) | <0.0001 | 1.48 (1.31 to 1.67) | <0.0001 | 1.48 (1.31 to 1.67) | <0.0001 |
| ≥85 | 2.12 (1.83 to 2.46) | <0.0001 | 2.12 (1.85 to 2.51) | <0.0001 | 2.16 (1.85 to 2.51) | <0.0001 |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| Female | 1.04 (0.93 to 1.15) | 0.50 | 0.94 (0.84 to 1.05) | 0.24 | 0.93 (0.84 to 1.04) | 0.23 |
| Race | ||||||
| White | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| Black | 0.83 (0.70 to 0.97) | 0.02 | 0.82 (0.69 to 0.96) | 0.01 | 0.81 (0.69 to 0.95) | 0.009 |
| Other | 0.69 (0.58 to 0.83) | <0.0001 | 0.64 (0.53 to 0.77) | <0.0001 | 0.64 (0.53 to 0.76) | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes | 1.24 (1.12 to 1.38) | <0.0001 | 1.28 (1.15 to 1.44) | <0.0001 | 1.28 (1.15 to 1.43) | <0.0001 |
| Hypertension | 1.21 (0.97 to 1.51) | 0.08 | 1.06 (0.85 to 1.33) | 0.61 | 1.07 (0.85 to 1.33) | 0.58 |
| PVD | 1.44 (1.29 to 1.62) | <0.0001 | 1.29 (1.14 to 1.46) | <0.0001 | 1.29 (1.14 to 1.46) | <0.0001 |
| CVD | 1.24 (1.09 to 1.41) | 0.001 | 1.09 (0.95 to 1.25) | 0.22 | 1.09 (0.95 to 1.24) | 0.23 |
| Statins | 0.95 (0.72 to 1.24) | 0.69 | 0.86 (0.64 to 1.14) | 0.29 | 0.86 (0.64 to 1.14) | 0.29 |
| β-blockers | 1.58 (1.22 to 2.05) | 0.0005 | 1.62 (1.24 to 2.13) | 0.0005 | 1.62 (1.23 to 2.12) | 0.0005 |
| Diuretics | 1.09 (0.85 to 1.40) | 0.51 | 0.99 (0.75 to 1.29) | 0.92 | 0.99 (0.75 to 1.29) | 0.91 |
| ACE inhibitors | 0.99 (0.72 to 1.36) | 0.95 | 0.96 (0.69 to 1.33) | 0.78 | 0.95 (0.69 to 1.33) | 0.78 |
| Allopurinol | 0.86 (0.77 to 0.97) | 0.01 | 0.83 (0.74 to 0.93) | 0.0015 | – | – |
| Allopurinol duration* | ||||||
| 0 days | Ref | – | – | Ref | ||
| 1–180 days | 0.94 (0.80 to 1.11) | 0.46 | – | – | 0.92 (0.78 to 1.08) | 0.32 |
| 181 days–2 years | 0.90 (0.77 to 1.04) | 0.16 | – | – | 0.85 (0.73 to 0.99) | 0.04 |
| >2 years | 0.68 (0.54 to 0.65) | 0.0009 | – | – | 0.65 (0.52 to 0.82) | 0.0002 |
Ref, referent category.
*Based on person day count.
Model 1=Allopurinol use+age+race+gender+diabetes+hypertension+PVD+CVD+β-blockers+diuretics+ACE inhibitors+statins.
Model 2=Allopurinol duration+age+race+gender+diabetes+hypertension+PVD+CVD+β-blockers+diuretics+ACE inhibitors+statins.
Bold indicates statistically significant associations with a p-value of <0.05.
CVD, cerebrovascular disease; PVD, peripheral vascular disease.