Patient characteristics in LLDAS validation study (n=191)
| Mean (SD) or n (%) | |
|---|---|
| Sex (female) | 162 (84.8%) |
| Age at SLE diagnosis (years) | 33.3 (14.6) |
| Age at recruitment (years) | 40.4 (14.8) |
| Ethnicity | |
| Caucasian | 52.4% |
| Asian | 35.61% |
| Pacific Islander | 1% |
| Hispanic | |
| Disease duration at recruitment (years) | 7.3 (7.3) |
| Number ACR Classification criteria at recruitment | 5.1 (1.3) |
| SLEDAI-2K* at recruitment | 5.1 (5.1) |
| SLICC-SDI† at recruitment | 0.8 (1.0) |
| Neurological manifestations ever‡ | 38 (19.9%) |
| Musculoskeletal manifestations ever‡ | 151 (79.1%) |
| Nephritis ever‡ | 101 (52.9%) |
| Mucocutaneous manifestations ever‡ | 170 (89.0%) |
| Cardiopulmonary manifestations ever‡ | 88 (46.1%) |
| Haematological manifestations ever‡ | 106 (55.5%) |
| ANA positive (at recruitment) | 191 (100%) |
| Anti-dsDNA positive (at recruitment) | 128 (67.0%) |
| Hypocomplementaemia (at recruitment) | 128 (67.0%) |
| Medication use (during follow-up) | |
| Daily prednisolone dose (mg) | 7.08 (7.39) |
| Immunosuppressant use§ | 185 (96.9%) |
| Antimalarial | 178 (93.2%) |
| Azathioprine | 76 (39.8%) |
| Mycophenolate mofetil | 47 (24.6%) |
| Mychophenolic acid | 6 (3.1%) |
| Methotrexate | 46 (24.1%) |
| Leflunomide | 5 (2.6%) |
| Ciclosporine | 1 (0.5%) |
*Scores range from 0 to 105, with higher scores indicating more active disease.
†Scores range from 0 to 46, with higher scores indicating greater disease-related damage.
‡Determined as positive if patients met the ACR classification criteria in the relevant domains, or had active disease (SLEDAI-2K) in the relevant domain during follow-up.
§Immunosuppressants include methotrexate, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, mycophenolic acid, leflunomide and ciclosporine.
ACR, American College of Rheumatology; ANA, antinuclear antibody; LLDAS, Lupus Low Disease Activity State; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; SLEDAI, SLE Disease Activity Index; SLICC-SDI, Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics Damage Index.