Univariable analysis of characteristics associated with LLDAS among 191 patients with SLE
| Median (IQR) or n (%) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Time in LLDAS | |||
| <50% | ≥50% | p Value | |
| Number | 118 (61.8%) | 73 (38.2%) | |
| Sex (female:male) | 105:13 | 57:16 | 0.041 |
| Age at diagnosis (years) | 28.5 (15.5) | 36 (24) | 0.0056 |
| Disease duration at recruitment (years) | 6.5 (11) | 3 (9) | 0.053* |
| Duration of follow-up (years) | 4.31 (3.87) | 4.08 (3.49) | 0.0263 |
| Ethnicity | |||
| Caucasian | 58 (49.2%) | 42 (57.5%) | 0.260 |
| Asian | 44 (37.3%) | 24 (32.9%) | 0.536 |
| SLEDAI-2K at recruitment | 5 (6) | 2 (4) | <0.0001 |
| Mean PNL dose during follow-up | 8.05 (8.08) | 1.75 (5.39) | <0.0001 |
| Number of immunosuppressants during follow-up | 2 (1) | 1 (1) | <0.0001 |
| Lupus manifestations (ever) | |||
| Vasculitis† | 16 (13.6%) | 2 (2.7%) | 0.013 |
| Neurological† | 31 (26.3%) | 7 (9.6%) | 0.005 |
| Musculoskeletal† | 94 (79.7%) | 57 (78.1%) | 0.79 |
| Nephritis† | 71 (60.2%) | 30 (41.1%) | 0.01 |
| Mucocutaneous† | 111 (94.1%) | 59 (80.8%) | 0.0045 |
| Cardiopulmonary † | 64 (54.2%) | 24 (32.9%) | 0.004 |
| Haematological† | 73 (61.9%) | 33 (45.2%) | 0.024 |
| Fever† | 11 (9.3%) | 4 (5.5%) | 0.34 |
| Serological activity† | 112 (94.9%) | 66 (90.4%) | 0.230 |
| Outcome measures | |||
| Flare—mild/mod | 2 (3) | 1 (1) | <0.0001* |
| Flare—severe | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | <0.0001* |
| Flare—any | 3 (5) | 1 (2) | <0.0001* |
| AMS | 4.75 (3.42) | 2.12 (2.03) | <0.0001 |
| Change in SDI | 0 (1) | 0 (0) | 0.0007* |
*Mann–Whitney test.
†Determined as positive if patients ever met the ACR classification criteria in the relevant domains, or had active disease (SLEDAI-2K) in the relevant domain during the observed period of follow-up.
ACR, American College of Rheumatology; AMS, adjusted mean SLEDAI-2K; LLDAS, Lupus Low Disease Activity State; PNL, prednisolone; SDI, Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics Damage Index; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; SLEDAI, SLE Disease Activity Index.