Table 2

Differentially methylated CpG sites (DMCs) with the largest difference in mean methylation values between patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) and control individuals in whole blood (Δβ-value >0.1)

CpG site	Gene symbol	Gene name	Interferon-induced	CpG island information	Gene property	Mean methylation β in pSS	Mean methylation β in controls	Methylation Δβ*	p Value
cg21549285	MX1	MX dynamin-like GTPase 1	Yes	Shore	5′UTR	0.57	0.83	−0.26	6.9×10⁻⁵⁹
cg05696877	IFI44L	Interferon-induced protein 44-like	Yes	Open sea	5′UTR	0.47	0.67	−0.20	2.8×10⁻⁵⁰
cg22930808	PARP9	Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 9	Yes	Shore	5′UTR	0.52	0.71	−0.19	2.4×10⁻⁵⁵
cg22862003	MX1	MX dynamin-like GTPase 1	Yes	Shore	TSS1500	0.51	0.70	−0.19	7.9×10⁻⁶³
cg03607951	IFI44L	Interferon-induced protein 44-like	Yes	Open sea	TSS1500	0.41	0.59	−0.18	9.9×10⁻⁶⁷
cg00959259	PARP9	Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 9	Yes	Shore	5′UTR	0.41	0.58	−0.17	2.6×10⁻⁴⁸
cg06981309	PLSCR1	Phospholipid scramblase 1	Yes	Shore	5′UTR	0.39	0.54	−0.15	4.1×10⁻⁵¹
cg05552874	IFIT1	Interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1	Yes	Open sea	Gene body	0.57	0.71	−0.14	2.7×10⁻⁵⁶
cg26312951	MX1	MX dynamin-like GTPase 1	Yes	Shore	TSS200	0.29	0.44	−0.14	1.3×10⁻⁴¹
cg23570810	IFITM1	Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 1	Yes	Shore	Gene body	0.55	0.69	−0.14	6.1×10⁻³⁸
cg17608381	HLA-A	Major histocompatibility complex, class I, A	Yes	Shore	Gene body	0.48	0.60	−0.12	3.4×10⁻¹⁵
cg05825244	EBF4	Early B cell factor 4	No	CpG island	Gene body	0.57	0.47	0.11	2.4×10⁻¹¹

*Methylation Δβ refers to the difference in mean methylation β (β-values) between patients with pSS and healthy controls. A negative Δβ represents hypomethylation in the patients.
TSS, transcription start site.