Characteristics of patients of Korean and Hispanic ethnicity compared to all other ethnicities
| Korean | p Value* | Hispanic | p Value† | Other ethnicities | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No of patients | 169 | 240 | 1085 | ||
| Age, years (mean (SD)) | 28.8 (9.7) | <0.0001 | 29.2 (10.3) | <0.0001 | 37.5 (14.0) |
| Gender (%) | |||||
| Female | 150 (88.8) | 0.90 | 218 (90.8) | 0.45 | 968 (89.2) |
| Male | 19 (11.2) | 0.90 | 22 (9.2) | 0.45 | 117 (10.8) |
| MetS (%) | 52 (30.8) | <0.0001 | 72 (31.3) | <0.0001 | 112 (10.3) |
| MetS phenotype (%) | |||||
| MetS WC | 33/164 (20.1) | <0.0001 | 129/228 (56.6) | 0.15 | 483/942 (51.3) |
| MetS BP | 74 (43.8) | 0.63 | 117 (48.8) | 0.40 | 495/1082 (45.8) |
| MetS TG | 100/153 (65.4) | <0.0001 | 108/168 (64.3) | <0.0001 | 411/1021 (40.3) |
| MetS HDL | 110/144 (76.4) | <0.0001 | 97/149 (65.1) | 0.007 | 279/529 (52.7) |
| MetS Glu | 45/168 (26.8) | 0.04 | 41/236 (17.4) | 0.42 | 185/940 (19.7) |
| BMI (mean(SD)) | 21.6 (4.3) | <0.0001 | 24.5 (5.0) | 0.002 | 25.8 (6.1) |
| WC, cm (mean (SD)) | 74.7 (8.1) | <0.0001 | 82.9 (10.9) | 0.17 | 84.3 (14.9) |
| Disease duration, weeks (mean SD)) | 18.5 (15.9) | <0.0001 | 23.2 (16.9) | 0.15 | 25.1 (18.4) |
| SLEDAI (mean SD)) | 7.45 (6.09) | <0.0001 | 6.46 (5.75) | <0.0001 | 5.0 (5.2) |
| SLICC/ACR-DI (mean (SD)) | 0.24 (0.69) | 0.50 | 0.28 (0.69) | 0.87 | 0.30 (0.74) |
| Disease phenotype (%) | |||||
| Active renal disease | 49 (29.0) | <0.0001 | 97 (40.4) | <0.0001 | 168 (15.5) |
| Anti-dsDNA positive | 105/159 (66.0) | <0.0001 | 84/211 (39.8) | 0.30 | 352/977 (36.0) |
| Low complement | 121/161 (75.2) | <0.0001 | 74/208 (35.6) | 0.46 | 324/980 (33.1) |
| Thrombocytopenia | 16/143 (11.2) | <0.0001 | 2/210 (1.0) | 0.13 | 26/960 (2.7) |
| Medication (median (IQR)) | |||||
| Oral CS, %* | 161 (95.3) | <0.0001 | 211 (87.9) | <0.0001 | 671 (61.8) |
| Average CS dose, mg | 20 (10, 35) | 0.26 | 30 (15, 42.5) | <0.0001 | 20 (10, 30) |
| Highest CS dose, mg | 30 (15, 55) | 0.07 | 50 (30, 60) | <0.0001 | 40 (20, 60) |
| Cumulative CS dose, g | 1.4 (0.4, 3.1) | <0.0001 | 3.9 (1.8, 6.2) | <0.0001 | 2.5 (1.2, 4.8) |
| Pulse intravenous CS, % | 26 (15.4) | <0.0001 | 5/223 (2.2) | 0.26 | 39/1031 (3.8) |
| Immunosuppressant (%) | 86 (50.9) | <0.0001 | 146 (60.8) | <0.0001 | 367/1082 (33.9) |
| Antimalarial (%) | 120 (71.0) | 0.29 | 125 (52.1) | <0.0001 | 705 (65.0) |
*Korean versus all other (non-Hispanic) ethnicities.
†Hispanic versus all other (non-Korean) ethnicities.
ACR, American College of Rheumatology; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CS, corticosteroid; DI, damage index; Glu, glucose; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; MetS, metabolic syndrome; SLEDAI, systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index; SLICC, Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics; TG, triglycerides; WC, waist circumference.