Association between performance, perception and evaluation-based outcomes with GDP, results from multivariable model
| GDP (low vs high) β (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Type of the outcome | Variable | Model including medication* | Model excluding medication† |
| Physician-reported outcomes | Tender joint count (0–28) | 2.84 (2.47 to 3.22) | 2.94 (2.57 to 3.31) |
| SJC (0–28) | 1.85 (1.57 to 2.13) | 1.90 (1.62 to 2.18) | |
| ESR (mm/h) | 11.49 (9.89 to 13.09) | 12.17 (10.57 to 13.77) | |
| DAS28-3v, without PatGA (0–10) | 0.98 (0.88 to 1.08) | 1.02 (0.92 to 1.12) | |
| Physician global assessment (0–10) | −0.15 (−0.27 to −0.03) | −0.20 (−0.32 to −0.08) | |
| Patient-reported outcomes | mHAQ (0–3) | 0.15 (0.10 to 0.19) | 0.13 (0.08 to 0.17) |
| Patient global assessment (0–10) | −0.43 (−0.60 to −0.26) | −0.46 (−0.63 to −0.29) | |
| Fatigue (0–10) | −0.97 (−1.17 to −0.77) | −1.02 (−1.21 to −0.82) | |
| Mixed outcome | DAS28-4v (0–10)‡ | 0.94 (0.84 to 1.05) | 0.99 (0.88 to 1.09) |
All models are adjusted for age, gender, education and comorbidities. Models with performance and perception-based outcomes are additionally adjusted for SJC, TJC and ESR.
*n from 3521 to 3790. †n from 3521 to 3812.
‡DAS28-4v includes SJC, TJC, ESR and patient global assessment.
DAS28, disease activity score with 28 joints assessment; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; GDP, gross domestic product; mHAQ, modified Health Assessment Questionnaire; PatGA, patient global assessment; SJC, swollen joint count; TJC, tender joint count.