Table 4

Recommendation 4: summary of studies on the use of radiography in monitoring structural changes in axial spondyloarthritis

				Correlation
Studies	No.	Region	X-ray scoring method	BASFI	BASMI	Metrological measures	CT
Longitudinal/RCT
Machado et al63	214	Spine	mSASSS	0.18; p=0.008	0.59; p<0.001	–	–
Averns et al81	53	Spine	SASSS	–	–	−0.396, p<0.01 (CE)	–
						0.503, p<0.001 (OWD)
						0.351, p<0.02 (FFD)
						−0.690, p<0.0001 (Schober)
						−0.717, p<0.0001 (total spinal movement)
Baraliakos et al82	82	Spine	mSASSS	NS	0.49–0.59; p=0.01	–	–
Baraliakos et al83	80	Spine	mSASSS	–	0.49	NS	–
Creemers et al85	50	Spine	mSASSS	–	–	p=0.05–0.0005 (CE, OWD, SF)	–
Salaffi et al93	95	Spine	mSASSS	p=0.02	p=0.01	–	–
Taylor et al94	70	Spine/SIJ	Semi-quantitative	–	–	−0.40; p<0.05 (SF)	0.52; p<0.01 (spine) 0.75; p<0.001 (SIJ)
Wanders et al96	133	Spine/SIJ	mSASSS	0.41	–	−0.77 (SF)	–
			SASSS			0.65 (OWD)
			BASRI			−0.76 (mSchober)
			BASRI
Cross-sectional/case–control
Lee et al86	39	Spine	BASRI	–	–	–	0.53–0.73 (p<0.001)
Lubrano et al87	77	Spine	BASRI	NS	0.47; p<0.001	0.49, p<0.001 (CR)	–
			mSASSS			0.34, p<0.01 (TWD)
						0.49, p<0.001 (OWD)
						−0.24, p<0.05 (mSchober)
						0.37, p<0.01 (FFD)

The Spearman test for rank correlation is used for test of correlation, values are correlation coefficients (rho), if not otherwise indicated. p Values indicate the level of statistical significance.
BASFI, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index; BASMI, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index; BASRI, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Radiology Index; CE, chest expansion; CR, cervical rotation; FFD, finger-to-floor distance; mSASSS, modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Score; mSchober, modified Schober's test; No., number of individuals included in the study; NS, not statistically significant; OWD, occiput-wall distance; RCT, randomised controlled trial; SASSS, Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Score; SF, spinal flexion; SIJ, sacroiliac joints; TWD, tragus-to-wall distance; –, not done.