Recommendation 4: summary of studies on the use of radiography in monitoring structural changes in axial spondyloarthritis
Correlation | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Studies | No. | Region | X-ray scoring method | BASFI | BASMI | Metrological measures | CT |
Longitudinal/RCT | |||||||
Machado et al63 | 214 | Spine | mSASSS | 0.18; p=0.008 | 0.59; p<0.001 | – | – |
Averns et al81 | 53 | Spine | SASSS | – | – | −0.396, p<0.01 (CE) | – |
0.503, p<0.001 (OWD) | |||||||
0.351, p<0.02 (FFD) | |||||||
−0.690, p<0.0001 (Schober) | |||||||
−0.717, p<0.0001 (total spinal movement) | |||||||
Baraliakos et al82 | 82 | Spine | mSASSS | NS | 0.49–0.59; p=0.01 | – | – |
Baraliakos et al83 | 80 | Spine | mSASSS | – | 0.49 | NS | – |
Creemers et al85 | 50 | Spine | mSASSS | – | – | p=0.05–0.0005 (CE, OWD, SF) | – |
Salaffi et al93 | 95 | Spine | mSASSS | p=0.02 | p=0.01 | – | – |
Taylor et al94 | 70 | Spine/SIJ | Semi-quantitative | – | – | −0.40; p<0.05 (SF) | 0.52; p<0.01 (spine) 0.75; p<0.001 (SIJ) |
Wanders et al96 | 133 | Spine/SIJ | mSASSS | 0.41 | – | −0.77 (SF) | – |
SASSS | 0.65 (OWD) | ||||||
BASRI | −0.76 (mSchober) | ||||||
Cross-sectional/case–control | |||||||
Lee et al86 | 39 | Spine | BASRI | – | – | – | 0.53–0.73 (p<0.001) |
Lubrano et al87 | 77 | Spine | BASRI | NS | 0.47; p<0.001 | 0.49, p<0.001 (CR) | – |
mSASSS | 0.34, p<0.01 (TWD) | ||||||
0.49, p<0.001 (OWD) | |||||||
−0.24, p<0.05 (mSchober) | |||||||
0.37, p<0.01 (FFD) |
The Spearman test for rank correlation is used for test of correlation, values are correlation coefficients (rho), if not otherwise indicated. p Values indicate the level of statistical significance.
BASFI, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index; BASMI, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index; BASRI, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Radiology Index; CE, chest expansion; CR, cervical rotation; FFD, finger-to-floor distance; mSASSS, modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Score; mSchober, modified Schober's test; No., number of individuals included in the study; NS, not statistically significant; OWD, occiput-wall distance; RCT, randomised controlled trial; SASSS, Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Score; SF, spinal flexion; SIJ, sacroiliac joints; TWD, tragus-to-wall distance; –, not done.