Risks of AAU, psoriasis and IBD in patients with AS, compared with controls
| AAU (n=3611)* | Psoriasis (n=3907)† | IBD (n=3938)‡ | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Age-sex adj HR (95% CI) | Full-adj HR§ (95% CI) | n | Age-sex adj HR (95% CI) | Full-adj HR¶ (95% CI) | n | Age-sex adj HR (95% CI) | Full-adj HR** (95% CI) | |
| No AS | 80 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 341 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 83 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| AS | 203 | 20.9 (16.2 to 27.1) | 15.5 (11.6 to 20.7) | 90 | 1.9 (1.5 to 2.4) | 1.5 (1.1 to 1.9) | 62 | 5.5 (3.9 to 7.6) | 3.3 (2.3 to 4.8) |
| Sex | |||||||||
| Female | 52 | 13.5 (8.6 to 21.0) | 10.7 (6.6 to 17.5) | 23 | 1.7 (1.1 to 2.6) | 1.5 (0.9 to 2.5) | 9 | 2.4 (1.1 to 5.1) | 1.2 (0.5 to 2.8) |
| Male | 151 | 25.7 (18.6 to 35.4) | 18.4 (12.9 to 26.4) | 67 | 1.9 (1.5 to 2.5) | 1.4 (1.1 to 2.0) | 53 | 7.0 (4.8 to 10.1) | 4.6 (3.0 to 7.1) |
| Age at index date (years) | |||||||||
| 16–29 | 40 | 34.9 (16.9 to 71.9) | 21.1 (9.3 to 47.7) | 11 | 1.2 (0.6 to 2.2) | 0.7 (0.3 to 1.4) | 16 | 10.3 (4.8 to 22.2) | 5.7 (2.2 to 14.5) |
| 30–39 | 73 | 43.0 (24.3 to 76.1) | 37.3 (20.3 to 68.7) | 20 | 1.5 (0.9 to 2.5) | 1.1 (0.6 to 1.9) | 19 | 6.3 (3.4 to 11.6) | 5.0 (2.4 to 10.2) |
| 40–49 | 46 | 16.8 (10.2 to 27.5) | 11.3 (6.4 to 19.9) | 25 | 2.6 (1.7 to 4.1) | 2.2 (1.3 to 3.7) | 16 | 6.6 (3.4 to 13.0) | 3.3 (1.5 to 7.2) |
| 50–59 | 34 | 17.9 (9.9 to 32.4) | 15.1 (7.9 to 28.8) | 21 | 2.3 (1.4 to 3.7) | 2.2 (1.3 to 3.7) | 5 | 2.1 (0.8 to 5.6) | 1.2 (0.4 to 3.5) |
| ≥ 60 | 10 | 4.6 (2.1 to 10.0) | 3.6 (1.6 to 8.1) | 13 | 1.8 (1.0 to 3.2) | 1.5 (0.8 to 2.8) | 6 | 3.1 (1.2 to 8.1) | 2.8 (1.0 to 7.5) |
| Duration since index date (years) | |||||||||
| <1 | 53 | 33.5 (23.5 to 47.9) | 23.5 (15.9 to 36.6) | 18 | 2.6 (1.6 to 4.1) | 1.9 (1.2 to 3.1) | 22 | 14.0 (8.6 to 22.5) | 7.4 (4.4 to 12.6) |
| 1–5 | 88 | 21.3 (15.7 to 28.9) | 16.1 (11.6 to 22.5) | 38 | 1.9 (1.4 to 2.7) | 1.5 (1.1 to 2.1) | 23 | 5.0 (3.1 to 7.9) | 3.0 (1.8 to 5.0) |
| 5–10 | 46 | 18.0 (12.5 to 25.9) | 14.1 (9.7 to 20.7) | 24 | 1.8 (1.2 to 2.7) | 1.4 (0.9 to 2.2) | 13 | 3.9 (2.2 to 7.7) | 2.7 (1.5 to 4.9) |
| >10 | 16 | 11.4 (6.6 to 19.6) | 9.2 (5.7 to 16.0) | 10 | 1.3 (0.7 to 2.4) | 1.1 (0.6 to 2.1) | 4 | 2.1 (0.8 to 5.9) | 1.5 (0.5 to 4.1) |
*Only patients without diagnosis of AAU before or at index date.
†Only patients without diagnosis of psoriasis before or at index date.
‡Only patients without diagnosis of IBD before or at index date.
§Adjusted for: age, sex, the use of NSAIDs in the previous 6 months, number of GP visits in the previous 6 months.
¶Adjusted for: age, sex, smoking status at index date, alcohol use at index date, the use of antidepressants, antimycotics, coronary vasodilators and antihypertensives in previous 6 months, history of hypertension, atopic or contact dermatitis and skin infection in previous 6 months, and the number of GP visits in the previous 6 months.
**Adjusted for: age, sex, smoking status at index date, alcohol use at index date, the use of NSAIDs, antidepressants and anxiolytics/hypnotics in the previous 6 months, number of GP visits in the previous 6 months.
AAU, acute anterior uveitis; adj, adjusted; AS, ankylosing spondylitis; GP, general practitioners; IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.