Table 2

Baseline predictors of arterial stiffness 5 years later (multivariate linear regression analyses)

Variables	AIx			PWV
Variables	Univariate β (95% CI)	Multivariate CRP model β (95% CI)	Multivariate ASDAS model β (95% CI)	Univariate β (95% CI)	Multivariate CRP model β (95% CI)	Multivariate ASDAS model β (95% CI)
Demographic
Age (years)	0.7 (0.5 to 0.9)*	0.5 (0.3 to 0.7)*	0.5 (0.3 to 0.6)*	0.08 (0.06 to 0.10)*	0.08 (0.05 to 0.11)*	0.08 (0.05 to 0.11)*
Gender (male)	−12.0 (−17.3 to −6.7)*	−10.9 (−14.4 to −7.5)*	−6.7 (−10.7 to −2.7)*	0.29 (−0.47 to 1.05)	0.50 (−0.10 to 1.11)	0.67 (0.05 to 1.30)*
Current smoking	3.9 (−0.5 to 8.3)			−0.95 (−1.60 to −0.30)*
BMI (kg/m²)	0.8 (0.0 to 1.6)*			0.04 (−0.09 to 0.16)
Medication
NSAIDs	2.7 (−2.4 to 7.8)			−0.82 (−1.59 to 0.05)*	−1.16 (−1.98 to −0.35)*	−1.30 (−2.14 to −0.46)*
DMARDs†	−3.2 (−8.3 to 1.9)		−5.2 (−10.0 to −0.4)*	0.59 (−0.19 to 1.37)
Disease activity
CRP (mg/L)	0.2 (0.0 to 0.3)	0.2 (0.0 to 0.3)*		0.01 (−0.01 to 0.04)	0.02 (−0.01 to 0.04)
ASDAS	2.1 (0.4 to 3.8)*		1.7 (0.2 to 3.3)*	0.13 (−0.14 to 0.40)		0.13 (−0.13 to 0.38)
Possible effect modifiers recorded in 2008/2009
Height (cm)	−0.3 (−0.5 to 0.0)*		−0.3 (−0.5 to −0.1)*
Loss of height (cm)				−0.08 (−0.15 to −0.01)*	−0.09 (−0.16 to −0.02)*	−0.08 (−0.15 to −0.02)*
CMAP (mm Hg)	0.3 (0.1 to 0.5)*	0.3 (0.1 to 0.4)*	0.3 (0.2 to 0.5)*	0.04 (0.01 to 0.07)*	0.04 (0.01 to 0.06)*	0.04 (0.01 to 0.06)*
Statins	6.2 (0.9 to 11.6)*	6.3 (1.5 to 11.2)*		0.09 (−0.80 to 0.98)
Antihypertensive	0.8 (−3.9 to 5.5)			−0.24 (−0.97 to 0.49)
Adjusted R²		0.68	0.71		0.52	0.54

Analysed with linear regression models with AIx or PWV as dependent variable.
*p Value <0.05.
†Sulfasalazine or methotrexate.
AIx, Augmentation Index; ASDAS, ankylosing spondylitis disease activity score; BMI, body mass index; CMAP, central mean arterial pressure; CRP, C-reactive protein; DMARDs, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs; NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, PWV, pulse wave velocity.