Patient characteristics
| Gout patients | Comparator patients | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study | Design | Population | Dates | N | Disease duration, years (mean) | Age, years (mean) | N | Age, years (mean) | Arthrocentesis | Conditions |
| Ultrasound | ||||||||||
| Ottaviani et al15 | Prospective case–control | Hospital outpatients with rheumatic disease | 11/2008–10/2010 | 53 | 9.2 | 59.7 | 50 | 59.5 | Yes | CPPD, RA, OA, PsA |
| Lamers-Karnebeek et al18 | Prospective cross-sectional | Patients presenting with mono- or oligoarthritis | NR | 26 | NR | 63.5 | 28 | NR | Yes | CPPD, ReA, PsA, OA, PMR, UA, Lofgren syndrome, gout with neg MSU (2 patients) |
| Thiele et al17 | Retrospective case–control | Rheumatology clinic patients with unclear diagnosis | 11/2003–12/2004 | 23 | NR | 58.6 | 23 | NR | No | CPPD, RA, sarcoidosis, OA, FMS, PsA, bursitis, tendinitis, inflammatory oligoarthritis NOS, lateral epicondylitis, muscle fibre tear |
| Naredo et al14 | Prospective case–control | Rheumatology and general practice clinics | NR | 91 | 7 | 56.4 | 42 | 56.6 | NR | RA, SpA, healthy |
| Nalbant et al13 | Prospective case–control | Patients with subcutaneous nodules and rheumatic disease attending rheumatology clinics | 5/2001–10/2001 | 10 | 10.7 | 61.3 | 13 | 56.5 | NR | RA |
| Ponce et al21* | Prospective cross-sectional | Patients with joint effusion | NR | 13 | NR | NR | 88 | NR | Yes | OA, RA, SpA, UIA, CTD, CPPD, bursitis, AVN, haemorrhagic joint |
| Bergner et al20* | Cross-sectional | Patients undergoing arthrocentesis | NR | 39 | NR | NR | 74 | NR | Yes | CPPD, non-crystal arthropathy |
| Dual energy computed tomography | ||||||||||
| Glazebrook et al12 | Retrospective cross-sectional | Patients with arthralgia and potential gout | 4/2008–2/2010 | 12† | NR | NR | 19 | NR | Yes | CPPD, possible diagnoses of RA, seronegative IA, and CTS |
| Bongartz et al19 | Prospective case–control | Patients with joint pain or swelling in rheumatology procedure clinic | 10/2010–9/2012 | 40 | NR‡ | 62.1 | 41 | 58.7 | Yes | OA, RA, septic arthritis, CTD, CPPD, unknown |
| Choi et al11 | Prospective case–control | Clinic patients with arthritis | 12/2009–6/2011 | 40 | 13 | 62 | 40 | 53 | NR | RA, PsA, OA, UIA, AS |
| Plain radiography | ||||||||||
| Parker et al16 | Retrospective cross-sectional | Patients undergoing routine lateral CXR | 1978–1980 | 20 | NR | 60.8 | Healthy: 69 Arthritis: 88 | Healthy: 52.6 Arthritis: 58 | NR | Among those with arthritis: RA, ReA, AS, PsA, CPPD, PMR, DISH |
*Refers to an abstract.
†43 patients included in study initially but only 12 were found to have MSU crystals.
‡20 patients had symptom duration <6 weeks.
AS, ankylosing spondylitis; AVN, avascular necrosis; CPPD, calcium pyrophosphate disease; CTD, connective tissue disease; CXR, chest radiograph; DISH, diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis; NR, not reported; OA, osteoarthritis; PMR, polymyalgia rheumatica; PsA, psoriatic arthritis; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; ReA, reactive arthritis; SpA, spondyloarthropathy; UIA, undifferentiated inflammatory arthritis.